Cananga brandisiana

Cananga brandisiana is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Cambodia, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.[1] Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre, the French botanist who first formally described the species, using the basionym Unona brandisiana, named it in honor of Sir Dietrich Brandis, the German botanist who Pierre worked for in the Indian Forest Service (then called the Imperial Forestry Service) in Calcutta.[2][3]

Cananga brandisiana
Botanical illustration of Cananga brandisiana (labeled using its basionym Unona brandisiana).
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Cananga
Species:
C. brandisiana
Binomial name
Cananga brandisiana
Synonyms

Cananga latifolia Finet & Gagnep.
Canangium brandisanum (Pierre) Saff.
Canangium latifolium Pierre ex Ridl.
Unona brandisiana Pierre
Unona latifolia Hook.f. & Thomson

Description

It is a tree reaching 25 meters in height. Its trunk has grey bark. Its long branches have a round cross-section and are covered in woolly hairs when young, but are hairless when mature. Its petioles are 12-20 millimeters long and covered in woolly hairs. Its hairless, elliptical leaves are 8-16 by 7-11 centimeters. 1-8 fragrant flowers are on peduncles that are 10-20 millimeters long. Subtending the peduncles are oval bracts that are 1.5-2 by 2 centimeters and covered in woolly hairs. About midway along the length of the peduncles is a bracteole that is 8 by 2-5 millimeters and covered in woolly hairs. Its sepals are 5 millimeters long and come to a shallow point. Its oblong, fleshy petals are 4-7 centimeters long and 2 centimeters wide at their widest point. The petals come to a point at their tip and are covered in woolly hairs. The flowers have approximately 240 stamens. The receptacles of the flowers are hairy. Its flowers have 24 carpels that are covered in fine downy hairs. Its styles are hairless. Its ovaries have variable numbers of ovules. Its cylindrical fruit are on pedicels that are 5 millimeters long. The contour of the fruit is constricted around its seeds. The fruit contain 2-3 flattened, brown, shiny seeds that are 6 by 12 millimeters.[4]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of C. brandisiana is shed as permanent tetrads.[5]

Habitat and distribution

Pierre described it in 1881 as growing commonly in the forest areas in China and Cambodia.[2]

Uses

In Cambodia it is called by the common name Chkè Sraèng and is used in traditional medicine to treat fever.[6] Bioactive molecules isolated from its bark, including acetogenins have been reported to have cytotoxic properties in tests with cancer cell lines.[7] Juvenile hormones, which are known to regulate insect development, have also been extracted from its bark.[8] Pierre noted that its soft white wood can be used in woodworking to create vases, boxes and tool handles.[2]

References
  1. "Cananga brandisiana (Pierre) Saff". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  2. Pierre, L. (1881). Flore Forestière de la Cochin Chine [Forest Flora of Cochin China] (in French and Latin). Paris: Octave Doin.
  3. Doling, Tim (n.d.). "Jean-Baptiste Louis-Pierre: The Father of Saigon's Green Spaces". Bliss Saigon. Bliss. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  4. Finet, A.; Gagnepain, F. (1906). "Contribution à L'étude de la Flore de L'Asie Orientale". Bulletin de la Société botanique de France (in French). 4: 84.
  5. Walker, James W. (1971). "Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. 202 (202): 1–130. JSTOR 41764703.
  6. Hout, Sotheara; Chea, Aun; Bun, Sok-Siya; Elias, Riad; Gasquet, Monique; Timon-David, Pierre; Balansard, Guy; Azas, Nadine (2006). "Screening of selected indigenous plants of Cambodia for antiplasmodial activity". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 107 (1): 12–18. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.028. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 16546336.
  7. Wongsa, Nikhom; Kanokmedhakul, Somdej; Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai (2011). "Cananginones A–I, linear acetogenins from the stem bark of Cananga latifolia". Phytochemistry. 72 (14–15): 1859–1864. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.05.013. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 21714976.
  8. Phatchana, Ratchanee; Thongsri, Yordhathai; Somwaeng, Ratree; Piboonpol, Kewalin; Yenjai, Chavi (2015). "Canangalias A and B from the stem bark of Cananga latifolia". Phytochemistry Letters. 13: 147–151. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2015.05.025. ISSN 1874-3900.
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