Carboxylesterase 2

Carboxylesterase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES2 gene.[4][5][6] It is a member of the alpha/beta fold hydrolase family.[7]

CES2
Identifiers
Aliases	CES2, CE-2, CES2A1, PCE-2, iCE, Carboxylesterase 2, CES-2
External IDs	OMIM: 605278 MGI: 3648740 HomoloGene: 128645 GeneCards: CES2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human)[1] Band 16q22.1 Start 66,934,444 bp[1] End 66,945,096 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity • hydrolase activity • GO:0004091 carboxylic ester hydrolase activity • methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity Cellular component • endoplasmic reticulum lumen • endoplasmic reticulum • extracellular Biological process • xenobiotic metabolic process • catabolic process • prostaglandin metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8824	436059
Ensembl	ENSG00000172831	ENSMUSG00000091813
UniProt	O00748	F6Z9B9
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_003869 NM_198061 NM_001365405 NM_001365406 NM_001365407 NM_001365408	NM_001272045
RefSeq (protein)	NP_003860 NP_932327 NP_001352334 NP_001352335 NP_001352336 NP_001352337	NP_001258974
Location (UCSC)	Chr 16: 66.93 – 66.95 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[2]	[3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Carboxylesterase 2 is a member of a large multigene family. The enzymes encoded by these genes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. The specific function of this enzyme has not yet been determined; however, it is speculated that carboxylesterases may play a role in lipid metabolism and/or the blood–brain barrier system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[6]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.[§ 1] [[File: [[<div style="display:block; width:58px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:174.0px; top:75px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:53px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:308.0px; top:87px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:53px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:308.0px; top:67px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:51px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:72.0px; top:120px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:59px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:54.0px; top:178px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:80px; height:0px; 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Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1] [[File: [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:494.74789915966403px; top:463.949579831933px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:374.3333333333333px; top:354.333333333333px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:365.6666666666667px; top:312px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:415.10084033613447px; top:130px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:49.3333333333333px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:135.66666666666555px; top:294.422969187675px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; 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overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:251.0px; top:484px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:531.3837535014006px; top:500.019607843137px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:88.43417366946755px; top:583.6162464986px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:88.43417366946755px; top:603.6162464986px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:326.6666666666667px; top:721.666666666667px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; 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top:721.487394957983px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:55.0728291316524px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:406.06162464986005px; top:721.487394957983px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:48.3865546218487px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:177.45378151260496px; top:130.666666666667px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:52.1176470588235px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:247.25210084033603px; top:130.666666666667px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:46.3445378151259px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:341.2605042016808px; top:130.666666666667px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:551.1008403361344px; top:594.717086834733px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:49.8263305322132px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:483.7871148459377px; top:188.3837535014px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:414.3333333333333px; top:409.333333333333px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:53.6554621848737px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:410.6302521008398px; top:186.176470588235px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:53px; height:12px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:374.3333333333333px; top:337.333333333333px; background:transparent; border:4px black solid"></div>]] |{{{bSize}}}px|alt=Irinotecan Pathway edit]] Irinotecan Pathway edit The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "IrinotecanPathway_WP46359".

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172831 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. Pindel EV, Kedishvili NY, Abraham TL, Brzezinski MR, Zhang J, Dean RA, Bosron WF (Jun 1997). "Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin". J Biol Chem. 272 (23): 14769–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.23.14769. PMID 9169443.
5. Schwer H, Langmann T, Daig R, Becker A, Aslanidis C, Schmitz G (Jun 1997). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 233 (1): 117–20. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6413. PMID 9144407.
6. "Entrez Gene: CES2 carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver)".
7. Imai T (Jun 2006). "Human Carboxylesterase Isozymes: Catalytic Properties and Rational Drug Design". Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 21 (3): 173–185. doi:10.2133/dmpk.21.173. PMID 16858120.

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Yan B, Matoney L, Yang D (1999). "Human carboxylesterases in term placentae: enzymatic characterization, molecular cloning and evidence for the existence of multiple forms". Placenta. 20 (7): 599–607. doi:10.1053/plac.1999.0407. PMID 10452915.
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
• Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, et al. (2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166.
• Chagnon P, Michaud J, Mitchell G, et al. (2003). "A missense mutation (R565W) in cirhin (FLJ14728) in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71 (6): 1443–9. doi:10.1086/344580. PMC 378590. PMID 12417987.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, et al. (2003). "Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 ( CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population". J. Hum. Genet. 48 (5): 249–70. doi:10.1007/s10038-003-0021-7. PMID 12721789.
• Wu MH, Chen P, Remo BF, et al. (2004). "Characterization of multiple promoters in the human carboxylesterase 2 gene". Pharmacogenetics. 13 (7): 425–35. doi:10.1097/00008571-200307000-00008. PMID 12835618.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Marsh S, Xiao M, Yu J, et al. (2005). "Pharmacogenomic assessment of carboxylesterases 1 and 2". Genomics. 84 (4): 661–8. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.07.008. PMID 15475243.
• Wu MH, Chen P, Wu X, et al. (2005). "Determination and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype structure of the human carboxylesterase 2 gene". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (9): 595–605. doi:10.1097/00008571-200409000-00004. PMID 15475733.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, et al. (2004). "From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2136–44. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMC 528930. PMID 15489336.
• Charasson V, Bellott R, Meynard D, et al. (2005). "Pharmacogenetics of human carboxylesterase 2, an enzyme involved in the activation of irinotecan into SN-38". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 76 (6): 528–35. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.08.007. PMID 15592324. S2CID 23999721.
• Kim SR, Nakamura T, Saito Y, et al. (2005). "Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CES2 gene encoding human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE-2)". Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 18 (5): 327–32. doi:10.2133/dmpk.18.327. PMID 15618752.
• Fox CA, Sapinoso LM, Zhang H, et al. (2005). "Altered expression of TFF-1 and CES-2 in Barrett's Esophagus and associated adenocarcinomas". Neoplasia. 7 (4): 407–16. doi:10.1593/neo.04715. PMC 1501154. PMID 15967118.
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.