Caroline Hazard

Caroline Hazard (June 10, 1856 – March 19, 1945) was an American educator, philanthropist, and author. She served as the fifth president of Wellesley College, from 1899 to 1910.

Caroline Hazard
Caroline Hazard, from a 1904 publication
Born(1856-06-10)June 10, 1856
Peace Dale, Rhode Island
DiedMarch 19, 1945(1945-03-19) (aged 88)
Santa Barbara, California
Resting placeOak Dell Cemetery
OccupationEducator, philanthropist, author

Early life

Caroline Hazard was born in Peace Dale, Rhode Island in 1856.[1] Her father was industrialist Rowland Hazard II (1829–1898) and her mother was Margaret A. Hazard, née Rood. She was educated at the Mary A. Shaw School in Providence and received private tutoring at Brown University and in Europe.[2] She conducted welfare programs in Peace Dale, and wrote on a variety of topics, including biography, poetry, and Rhode Island history.[1][2][3]

President of Wellesley College

Hazard succeeded Julia J. Irvine as president of Wellesley College on March 8, 1899.[4] In her inaugural address, she spoke about the changing role of women in society, the necessity of balancing emotion and intellect, and her new responsibilities.[5]

As president, Hazard took an active role in the construction of new buildings. She solicited suggestions from architect Frederick Law Olmsted on the design of residence halls.[6] She oversaw the construction of the Observatory, Observatory House, Hazard Quadrangle, and Library, and personally contributed funds for some of these projects. These buildings, as well as Hazard's house in Peace Dale, were marked with a scallop shell, a personal symbol she adopted in reference to a poem by Sir Walter Raleigh.[7][8]

Through Hazard's leadership, fundraising efforts, and personal donations, the college's enrollment doubled, academic departments were expanded, and faculty salaries were increased.[2]

Later life and legacy

Caroline Hazard continued to act as a trustee of Wellesley College from her retirement in 1910 until 1927.[7] She maintained a residence in Santa Barbara, California and made frequent visits there. After her brother Rowland's death in 1918, Hazard took his place on the board of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, and donated land to expand its buildings. She also led an initiative to purchase land which later became part of Mission Park.[1]

She was awarded honorary Doctor of Letters degrees from numerous institutions, including Wellesley, Mills College, Brown University, Tufts University, and Rhode Island State College.[9]

Hazard died in Santa Barbara on March 19, 1945, and was buried in Oak Dell Cemetery, South Kingstown, Rhode Island.[2][10]

She was inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame in 2010.[11]

References
  1. Redmon, Michael (October 26, 2006). "Q: Can you give me a biography of Caroline Hazard?". Santa Barbara Independent. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
  2. "Caroline Hazard Papers". Rhode Island Historical Society. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
  3. "Online Books by Caroline Hazard". University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  4. "Wellesley's New President: Miss Caroline Hazard Succeeds Mrs. Julia J. Irvine" (PDF). The New York Times. March 9, 1999. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  5. "New President". Boston Evening Transcript. October 3, 1899. p. 14. Retrieved June 29, 2016 – via Google News.
  6. Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz (1985). Wellesley, Smith, Vassar. Alma Mater: Design and Experience in the Women's Colleges from Their Nineteenth-century Beginnings to the 1930s. University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 209–212. Retrieved June 29, 2016 – via Google Books.
  7. "Presidential History". Wellesley College. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  8. Hazard, Caroline (1908). Preface. A Scallop Shell of Quiet. Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved June 29, 2016 – via Google Books.
  9. "Obituary". Santa Barbara News-Press. March 19, 1945.
  10. "Caroline Hazard". Find a Grave. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  11. "Caroline Hazard". Riverside, Rhode Island: Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on December 28, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
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