Castelo Branco, Portugal

The city of Castelo Branco (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐʃˈtɛlu ˈβɾɐ̃ku] (listen)) is a municipality and former bishopric in Castelo Branco District, in Centro Region, Portugal. The name means "white castle" in Portuguese.

Castelo Branco
Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 39°49′N 7°30′W
Country Portugal
RegionCentro
Intermunic. comm.Beira Baixa
DistrictCastelo Branco
Parishes19
Government
 • PresidentLuís Correia (PS)
Area
 • Total1,438.19 km2 (555.29 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total56,109
 • Density39/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC±00:00 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Websitehttp://www.cm-castelobranco.pt/

The city of Castelo Branco is made up of 19 Freguesias (civil parish) with a population of 30,649 in 2001.[1] The municipality has a total of 19 parishes. The population in 2011 was 56,109,[2] in an area of 1,438.19 square kilometres (555.29 square miles), making it one of the largest municipalities in Portugal.[3]

It is bounded in the north by the municipality of Fundão, in the east by Idanha-a-Nova, in the south by Spain, in the southwest by Vila Velha de Ródão, and in the west by Proença-a-Nova and Oleiros. In 2020 elections, the people elected Miguel Negrão, (born 31 August 1993) is a young former psychology student who discovered his true passion in the heart of politics. Miguel is also an anti-corruption activist, leader and founder of the Smashed Balls become Liquid (SBBL) - a group that focus on the eradication of hairy balls.

History

Castelo Branco gets its name from the prior existence of a Luso-Roman castrum or fortified settlement called Castra Leuca, on the summit of the hill of Colina da Cardosa. The population grew on the slopes of this hill.

Little is known of the history before 1182. There is, nevertheless, a document, from this date, mentioning the donation to the Templars of a piece of land called Vila Franca da Cardosa, by a noble Fernandes Sanches. In 1213 it received its autonomy or foral and the name Castel-Branco appears for the first time. Pope Innocent III confirmed this in 1215 giving it the name of Castelo Branco.

It was around this time that the Templar Knights built the walls and the castle.

In 1510 a new foral was conceded by Manuel I and in 1642 the town acquired the status of Vila de Castelo Branco.

In 1771 Castelo Branco became a city and a bishopric (see below) until 1881.

Museum Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior, former bishop's palace

In 1858 a telegraph line was opened between Abrantes and Castelo Branco and in 1860 the city received its first public lighting.

In 1959 it became capital of the district of the same name.

Ecclesiastical History

Pope Clement XIV created the diocese of Castelo Branco on 1771.06.07.

On 1881.09.30 it was suppressed and its territory merged into the then Diocese of Portalegre, which adopted its title, becoming the present Diocese of Portalegre-Castelo Branco, and made the former Cathedral of Castelo Branco, dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel, its Co-cathedral.

It has had the following residential Bishops :

  • José de Jesus Maria Caetano, Dominican Order (O.P.) (1771 – death 1782.07.13)
  • Vicente Ferreira da Rocha, O.P. (1782.12.16 – death 1814.08.25)
  • Bishop-elect Patrício da Silva, Augustinian Order (O.E.S.A.) (1818 – 1819.05.03), later Metropolitan Archbishop of Évora (Portugal) ([1819.05.03] 1820.02.21 – 1826.03.13), created Cardinal-Priest with no Title assigned (1824.09.27 – 1840.01.03), promoted Patriarch of Lisboa (Portugal) (1826.03.13 – death 1840.01.03)
  • Joaquim José de Miranda Coutinho (1819.05.03 – death 1831.04.06)
  • Guilherme Henriques de Carvalho (1846 – death 1857.11.15), also Apostolic Administrator of Portalegre (Portugal) (1846 – 1857.11.15), created Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria sopra Minerva (1854.11.30 – 1857.11.15); previously Bishop of Leiria (Portugal) ([1840] 1843.04.03 – 1845.11.24), Patriarch of Lisboa (Portugal) (1845.11.24 – 1857.11.15)
  • ?vacancy.

[4]

Places of interest

The most important monument in Castelo Branco is the Jardim do Paço Episcopal (Garden of the Episcopal Palace). It is one of the most beautiful baroque gardens in Portugal and contains statues of allegories, kings and zodiacal signs, arranged around ponds, terraces and staircases.

  • Co-cathedral St.Michael
  • City's Park
  • City's Garden
  • Museum "Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior"

Civil Parishes

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 19 civil parishes (freguesias):[5]

  • Alcains
  • Almaceda
  • Benquerenças
  • Castelo Branco
  • Cebolais de Cima e Retaxo
  • Escalos de Baixo e Mata
  • Escalos de Cima e Lousa
  • Freixial do Campo e Juncal do Campo
  • Lardosa
  • Louriçal do Campo
  • Malpica do Tejo
  • Monforte da Beira
  • Ninho do Açor e Sobral do Campo
  • Póvoa de Rio de Moinhos e Cafede
  • Salgueiro do Campo
  • Santo André das Tojeiras
  • São Vicente da Beira
  • Sarzedas
  • Tinalhas

Climate
The Convent and church of Graça

Castelo Branco has a hot-summer mediterranean climate.[6] Its summers are among the hottest of Portugal, influenced by its inland position. Winters are mild with cool nights, but frosts are rare and never severe. Inland areas further south in the country have hotter temperature extremes, although averages are very similar. There is somewhat of a seasonal lag in summer since September is significantly warmer than May in spite of less daylight. Winter temperatures are more consistent with the daylight cycle, since temperatures drop sharply in autumn months.

Climate data for Castelo Branco, 1981-2010 normals and extremes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.4
(77.7)		 22.3
(72.1)		 27.1
(80.8)		 30.0
(86.0)		 35.5
(95.9)		 40.0
(104.0)		 40.8
(105.4)		 41.6
(106.9)		 40.2
(104.4)		 32.5
(90.5)		 25.2
(77.4)		 20.1
(68.2)		 41.6
(106.9)
Average high °C (°F) 12.1
(53.8)		 14.0
(57.2)		 17.7
(63.9)		 18.7
(65.7)		 22.9
(73.2)		 28.3
(82.9)		 32.2
(90.0)		 31.9
(89.4)		 27.4
(81.3)		 21.0
(69.8)		 15.6
(60.1)		 12.4
(54.3)		 21.1
(70.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 8.1
(46.6)		 9.6
(49.3)		 12.6
(54.7)		 13.5
(56.3)		 17.2
(63.0)		 21.7
(71.1)		 24.9
(76.8)		 24.8
(76.6)		 21.4
(70.5)		 16.4
(61.5)		 11.7
(53.1)		 8.8
(47.8)		 15.8
(60.4)
Average low °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4)		 5.1
(41.2)		 7.3
(45.1)		 8.3
(46.9)		 11.4
(52.5)		 15.0
(59.0)		 17.6
(63.7)		 17.5
(63.5)		 15.3
(59.5)		 11.8
(53.2)		 7.6
(45.7)		 5.1
(41.2)		 10.5
(50.9)
Record low °C (°F) −3.9
(25.0)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 0.4
(32.7)		 2.9
(37.2)		 7.3
(45.1)		 8.9
(48.0)		 10.0
(50.0)		 6.2
(43.2)		 3.4
(38.1)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 −4.8
(23.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 101.0
(3.98)		 71.3
(2.81)		 55.3
(2.18)		 60.6
(2.39)		 53.7
(2.11)		 21.6
(0.85)		 8.3
(0.33)		 8.1
(0.32)		 39.8
(1.57)		 124.5
(4.90)		 114.9
(4.52)		 124.2
(4.89)		 783.3
(30.84)
Average relative humidity (%) 80 73 61 62 59 49 41 43 53 69 78 83 63
Mean monthly sunshine hours 151.9 167.6 242.9 232.2 268.1 316.1 355.4 335.2 252.1 195.7 154.0 123.4 2,794.6
Source 1: Instituto de Meteorologia[7]
Source 2: Instituto de Meteorologia (sunshine hours)[8] (humidity)[9]

Economy

The city is home to Centauro, a company which produces industrial coolers, refrigerators and freezers. The Portuguese subsidiary of Danone has a factory in Castelo Branco which produces Danone's dairy products for the entire Iberian Peninsula. The district of Castelo Branco is also famed for the Castelo Branco cheese.

Delphi Packard is a major factory and the principal employer, with more than 1000 workers. The Factory makes automobile component for the most important automobile constructors like Ferrari.

Shopping malls in Castelo Branco (Alegro and Fórum)

  • Alegro shopping mall (South view)
  • Fórum shopping mall in Castelo Branco (East view)
  • Fórum shopping mall in Castelo Branco city (North inside view)

Education

Castelo Branco is home to the Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, a state-run polytechnic institute of higher education, comprising schools of agriculture, technology, management, education, art and health.

Transportation

Railways: Castelo Branco is the principal station located some 100 kilometres (62 miles) up the Beira Baixa Railway Line from Entroncamento to Guarda. It runs via Abrantes, Rodão, Castelo Branco and Fundão with services currently terminating at Covilhã some 30 kilometres (19 miles) short of Guarda. Rail services are operated by CP - Comboios de Portugal (Portuguese Trains) and consist of three stopping trains (Regionais) and three fast trains (Intercidades) per day from Lisbon via Entroncamento. The fast trains take less than 3hours to reach Castelo Branco from Lisbon Santa Apolonia and Lisbon Oriente main stations. Stopping trains are considerably slower.

From Entroncamento, the route branches off the Lisbon to Porto main line onto the Beira Baixa line following the mighty Tagus river crossing it twice on impressively long bridges. From Abrantes a series of reservoirs come into view. For lengthy stretches the single track clings to the NW flanks of the reservoirs providing exhilarating forested views as you speed along the waterside. The services are operated by comfortable and purposeful 'Iberian Gauge' (5ft6in) 25 kV electric multiple units. After passing through some deep gorges into Rodao station the line then heads north away from the river and on to Castelo Branco and finally Covilhã.

From Covilhã northwards to Guarda trains were operated by more leisurely diesel motorcars. This scenic stretch of mountainous rural line provides the strategic last leg of the Beira Baixa Railway linking it to Guarda via Belmonte. However, in recent years it has been closed for modernisation and electrification. The partially completed works, originally due for completion in 2011, are sadly still on hold as of 2014 due to serious funding issues associated with the economy. This inconveniently cuts off otherwise direct rail options from Castelo Branco to destinations north of Covilhã.

Notable natives
  • Amato Lusitano, a physician credited as one of the first discoverers of the circulation of the blood, was born here in 1511.
  • Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco (1566–1619), Captain General, founder of the city of Belém, capital of Pará (Brazil), on January 12, 1616. Was Captain General of the Captaincy of the Rio Grande (now the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte), from 1612 to 1614, and the captaincy of Bahia, from 1615 to 1618.
  • Eugénia Lima, famous accordionist of Portugal, was born in Castelo Branco in 1926.
  • João Filipe Fazendas Vaz, sports journalist well known in Spain for his analysis and knowledge of football Lusophone.
  • Dr. José Lopes Dias (1900-1976) physician, writer, historian and philanthropist, founder of ESALD and Jardim de Infâcia Alfredo da Mota.

See also

References
  1. UMA POPULAÇÃO QUE SE URBANIZA, Uma avaliação recente - Cidades, 2004 Archived October 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Nuno Pires Soares, Instituto Geográfico Português (Geographic Institute of Portugal)
  2. Instituto Nacional de Estatística
  3. "Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país". Archived from the original on 2018-11-05. Retrieved 2018-11-05.
  4. http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/cast3.htm GCatholic
  5. Diário da República. "Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 34-35" (pdf) (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 July 2014.
  6. "Castelo Branco - Portugal Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  7. "Climate Normals - Castelo Branco 1981-2010". Instituto de Meteorologia.
  8. "Climate Normals - Castelo Branco 1971-2000" (PDF). Instituto de Meteorologia.
  9. "Defense Plan Against Wildfires" (PDF). Oleiros Municipality. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
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