Catherine M. Green

Catherine Mary Green is a British biologist who is an Associate Professor in Chromosome Dynamics at the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics at the University of Oxford. Her research considers chromosome stability during the replication of DNA. During the COVID-19 pandemic Green was part of the Oxford team who developed the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.

Catherine Green
Alma materUniversity of Cambridge (BSc)
Imperial Cancer Research Fund (PhD)
Known forBiochemistry
Genome sequencing
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Sussex
Curie Institute
University of Oxford
ThesisThe Rad24 checkpoint protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae : a complex problem.
Doctoral advisorNoel F. Lowndes[1]

Early life and education

Green grew up in Gravesend.[2] She was an undergraduate at the University of Cambridge, where she has said that her love of science was solidified.[2] After completing part II of biochemistry, Green was awarded an Imperial Cancer Research Fund (now Cancer Research UK) scholarship for her doctoral research. Green studied damaged DNA in yeast at the Clare Hall laboratories.[3] After earning her doctorate, Green moved to the Curie Institute, where she studied DNA damage in human cells as a Marie Curie Fellow.[2] Upon returning to the United Kingdom Green was appointed to the University of Sussex, where she studied DNA damage due to sunlight exposure.[2]

Research and career

Green was made a Cancer Research UK Research Fellow in the Department of Zoology at the University of Cambridge in 2008.[4] She held a Kaye Research Fellowship at Christ's College, Cambridge.[2] Her research considered the mechanisms of genome replication at the genetic and epigenetic levels.[4] During this replication process the mutations that are responsible for cancer can occur, or be fixed. Understanding the process that underpins this replication, and how cells control this replication, allows Green to better understand the development of cancer.[4][5]

In 2012 Green moved to the University of Oxford, where she joined the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics. Here Green expanded her work in genomics to encompass the genetic and epigenetic stability of DNA.[6] Green was made Monsanto Senior Research Fellow at Exeter College, Oxford in 2017.[7] She leads the core facility in Chromosome Dynamics at the Wellcome Centre.[8]

During the COVID-19 pandemic Green was part of the Jenner Institute team who developed a coronavirus disease vaccine.[9] The Jenner Institute vaccination platform had been prepared for the MERS and SARS outbreaks, and so was ready to respond quickly to the emerging disease.[7] Green worked with Sarah Gilbert on the production of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.[10] The team started research in January 2020, and managed to identify a chimpanzee adenovirus vector (ChAdOx) that generated a strong immune response to SARS-CoV-2.[10] They used the SARS-CoV-2 genome that had beens sequenced by researchers in Wuhan. The adenovirus cannot replicate, so does not cause further infection, and instead acts as a vector to transfer the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.[7] The spike protein, an external protein that enables the virus to enter cells, is responsible for the immune system response. In early April the team were awarded £22 million of funding from the Government of the United Kingdom to run human trials.[10] The vaccine underwent clinical trials in Oxford in April 2020.[11]

Selected publications
  • Bienko, Marzena; Green, Catherine M.; Crosetto, Nicola; Rudolf, Fabian; Zapart, Grzegorz; Coull, Barry; Kannouche, Patricia; Wider, Gerhard; Peter, Matthias; Lehmann, Alan R.; Hofmann, Kay (2005-12-16). "Ubiquitin-Binding Domains in Y-Family Polymerases Regulate Translesion Synthesis". Science. 310 (5755): 1821–1824. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1821B. doi:10.1126/science.1120615. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16357261. S2CID 10666348.[12]
  • Lehmann, Alan R.; Niimi, Atsuko; Ogi, Tomoo; Brown, Stephanie; Sabbioneda, Simone; Wing, Jonathan F.; Kannouche, Patricia L.; Green, Catherine M. (2007-07-01). "Translesion synthesis: Y-family polymerases and the polymerase switch". DNA Repair. Replication Fork Repair Processes. 6 (7): 891–899. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.02.003. ISSN 1568-7864. PMID 17363342.[13]
  • Gilbert, Christopher S; Green, Catherine M; Lowndes, Noel F (2001-07-01). "Budding Yeast Rad9 Is an ATP-Dependent Rad53 Activating Machine". Molecular Cell. 8 (1): 129–136. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00267-2. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 11511366.[14]

References
  1. "Cell Division Cycle Laboratory". Imperial Cancer Research Fund. 2000. Archived from the original on 25 October 2000.
  2. "Christ's College Magazine 2008". Issuu. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  3. Vialard, J E; Gilbert, C S; Green, C M; Lowndes, N F (1998-10-01). "The budding yeast Rad9 checkpoint protein is subjected to Mec1/Tel1-dependent hyperphosphorylation and interacts with Rad53 after DNA damage". The EMBO Journal. 17 (19): 5679–5688. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.19.5679. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1170896. PMID 9755168.
  4. "Dr Catherine Green PhD | Christs College Cambridge". www.christs.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  5. Oxford, N. D. M. (2014-11-21), Catherine Green: DNA replication and cancer, retrieved 2020-04-24
  6. "Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom". Epigenesys. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  7. "Exeter Fellow Dr Catherine Green leads the production of a potential COVID-19 vaccine in Oxford". Exeter College. 2020-04-06. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  8. "Catherine Green — Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics". www.well.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  9. "Hear from the Oxford COVID-19 vaccine team | Science Media Centre". Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  10. Hoare, Callum (2020-04-02). "Oxford University scientist tips miracle COVID-19 'neutraliser' for NHS frontline staff". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  11. "Coronavirus vaccine: Professor behind trial tells James O'Brien what happens next". LBC. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  12. Bienko, Marzena; Green, Catherine M.; Crosetto, Nicola; Rudolf, Fabian; Zapart, Grzegorz; Coull, Barry; Kannouche, Patricia; Wider, Gerhard; Peter, Matthias; Lehmann, Alan R.; Hofmann, Kay (2005-12-16). "Ubiquitin-Binding Domains in Y-Family Polymerases Regulate Translesion Synthesis". Science. 310 (5755): 1821–1824. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1821B. doi:10.1126/science.1120615. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16357261. S2CID 10666348.
  13. Lehmann, Alan R.; Niimi, Atsuko; Ogi, Tomoo; Brown, Stephanie; Sabbioneda, Simone; Wing, Jonathan F.; Kannouche, Patricia L.; Green, Catherine M. (2007-07-01). "Translesion synthesis: Y-family polymerases and the polymerase switch". DNA Repair. Replication Fork Repair Processes. 6 (7): 891–899. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.02.003. ISSN 1568-7864. PMID 17363342.
  14. Gilbert, Christopher S; Green, Catherine M; Lowndes, Noel F (2001-07-01). "Budding Yeast Rad9 Is an ATP-Dependent Rad53 Activating Machine". Molecular Cell. 8 (1): 129–136. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00267-2. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 11511366.
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