Centre-right coalition

The centre-right coalition (Italian: coalizione di centro-destra) is a political alliance of political parties in Italy, active—under several forms and names—since 1994, when Silvio Berlusconi entered politics and formed his Forza Italia party.

Centre-right coalition Coalizione di centrodestra
Leaders	Matteo Salvini Giorgia Meloni Silvio Berlusconi
Founder	Silvio Berlusconi
Founded	18 January 1994
Political position	Centre-right[1][2][3][4][5] to far-right[6][7][8]
Colours	Blue
Chamber of Deputies[lower-alpha 1]	268 / 630
Senate of the Republic[lower-alpha 2]	137 / 315
European Parliament[lower-alpha 2]	40 / 73
Regional Government	14 / 20
Regional Councils	413 / 897
Politics of Italy Political parties Elections Including Lega, FI, FdI, C!, NcI, USEI, IDeA, AdC. Including Lega, FI, FdI.

In the 1994 general election, under the leadership of Berlusconi, the centre-right ran with two coalitions, the Pole of Freedoms in northern Italy and Tuscany (mainly Forza Italia and the Northern League) and the Pole of Good Government (mainly Forza Italia and National Alliance) in central and southern Italy.[9][10] In the 1996 general election, after the Northern League had left in late 1994, the centre-right coalition took the name of Pole for Freedoms. The Northern League returned in 2000, and the coalition was re-formed as the House of Freedoms; this lasted until 2008.[11]

Since 2008, when Forza Italia and National Alliance merged into The People of Freedom, the coalition has not had official names. The new Forza Italia was formed in late 2013; for the 2018 general election it joined forces with the Northern League, the Brothers of Italy and a collection of mainly centrist forces named Us with Italy–Union of the Centre.

In 2018, the Lega Nord formed a government coalition with the Five Star Movement and without its centre-right allies, which entered the opposition. This led to a deterioration of the centre-right coalition at a national level, although the coalition is still active at the level of local elections.

History

Pole of Freedoms

Silvio Berlusconi during a Forza Italia meeting in May 1994.

In 1994, the media magnate Silvio Berlusconi, previously very close to the Socialist Prime Minister Bettino Craxi and even having appeared in commercials for the Italian Socialist Party, was studying the possibility of making a political party of his own to avoid what seemed to be the unavoidable victory of the left wing at the next elections. Only three months before the election, he presented, with a televised announcement, his new party, Forza Italia. Supporters believe he wanted to avert a communist victory, opponents that he was defending the ancién regime by rebranding it. Whatever his motives, he employed his power in communication (he owned, and still owns, all of the three main private TV stations in Italy) and advanced communication techniques he and his allies knew very well, as his fortune was largely based on advertisement.

Berlusconi managed, in a surprise move, to ally himself both to National Alliance and Northern League, without these being allied with each other. Forza Italia teamed up with the League in the North, where they competed against National Alliance, and with National Alliance in the rest of Italy, where the League was not present. This unusual coalition configuration was caused by the deep hate between the League, which wanted to separate Italy and held Rome in deep contempt, and the nationalist post-fascists; on one occasion, Bossi encouraged his supporters to go find National-Alliance supporters "house by house," suggesting a lynching (which however did not actually take place).

In the 1994 general election, Berlusconi's coalition won a decisive victory over Occhetto's one, becoming the first center-right coalition to win general election since the Second World War. In the popular vote, Berlusconi's coalition outpolled the Alliance of Progressives by over 5.1 million votes. Pole of Freedoms won in the main regions of Italy.

Pole for Freedoms

Pole for Freedoms was formed as a continuation of the Pole of Freedoms and Pole of Good Government coalitions, which had both supported the leadership of Silvio Berlusconi at the 1994 general election: the Pole of Freedom was constituted by Forza Italia and Northern League, the Pole of Good Government by Forza Italia and the National Alliance. After that, Lega Nord left the coalition at the end of 1994, the centre-right was forced to reform itself: in 1995, in occasion of the regional elections, an organic alliance was formed. In 1996 it was officially named "Pole for Freedoms" and debuted in the 1996 general election; however, it was defeated by the centre-left alliance The Olive Tree, whose leader was Romano Prodi.

House of Freedoms

Silvio Berlusconi at a PdL rally, 2008.

The House of Freedoms was the successor of the Pole of Freedoms/Pole of Good Government and the Pole for Freedoms.

In the run-up of the 2001 general election, after a six-year spell in opposition, which Berlusconi called "the crossing of the desert", he managed to re-unite the coalition under the "House of Freedoms" banner. According to its leader, the alliance was a "broad democratic arch, composed of the democratic right, namely AN, the great democratic centre, namely Forza Italia, CCD and CDU, and the democratic left represented by the League, the New PSI, and the Italian Republican Party.[12][13]

The CdL won the 2001 general election by a landslide and, consequently, the Berlusconi II Cabinet was formed. In government, FI, whose strongholds included Lombardy as well as Sicily, and the LN, which was active only in the Centre-North, formed the so-called "axis of the North", through the special relationship between three Lombards leaders, Berlusconi, Giulio Tremonti and Umberto Bossi; on the other side of the coalition, AN and the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (UDC), the party emerged from the merger of the CCD and the CDU in late 2002, became the natural representatives of Southern interests.[14][15][16][17]

In 2003 the CdL was routed in local elections by The Olive Tree and the LN threatened to pull out. Also the 2004 European Parliament election were disappointing for FI and the coalition as a whole, even though AN, the UDC and the LN did better than five years before. As a result, Berlusconi and FI were weaker within the CdL.

In 2005 the coalition lost heavily in regional elections, losing six of the eight regions it controlled. The defeat was particularly damaging in the South, while the only two regions which the coalition managed to keep, Lombardy and Veneto, were in the North, where the LN was decisive . This led to a government crisis, particularly after the UDC pulled its ministers out. A few days later, the Berlusconi III Cabinet was formed with minor changes from the previous cabinet.

In the 2006 general election the CdL, which had opened its ranks to a number of minor parties, lost to The Olive Tree.

The People of Freedom

The People of Freedom, launched by Silvio Berlusconi on 18 November 2007, was initially a federation of political parties, notably including Forza Italia and National Alliance, which participated as a joint election list in the 2008 general election.[18] The federation was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27–29 March 2009. The UDC, now UdC, leaves the centre-right coalition and makes a alliance with The Rose for Italy, the Populars and other centrist parties. UdC joined later the New Pole for Italy in 2010 and With Monti for Italy in 2012.

The PdL formed Italy's government from 2008 to 2011 in coalition with the Northern League. In 2010 the Future and Freedom (FLI) movement, led by the former MSI/AN leader Gianfranco Fini, split from PdL. FLI joined UdC and other parties to form the New Pole for Italy, but they kept supporting the government.

After Berlusconi's resignation during the European debt crisis, the PdL supported Mario Monti's technocratic government in 2011–2012, and after the 2013 general election, it became part of Enrico Letta's government of grand coalition with the Democratic Party, Civic Choice and the Union of the Centre. Angelino Alfano, then party's secretary, functioned as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior.

Centre-right coalition

Giorgia Meloni, Matteo Salvini and Silvio Berlusconi in 2018

In June 2013 Berlusconi announced Forza Italia's revival and the PdL's transformation into a centre-right coalition.[19][20] On 16 November 2013 the PdL's national council voted to dissolve the party and start a new Forza Italia; the assembly was deserted by a group of dissidents, led by Alfano, who had launched the alternative New Centre-Right party the day before.[21]

After the 2016 constitutional referendum, UdC left the centre-left coalition and approached the centre-right coalition again. In 2017 Civic Choice also joined the centre-right coalition. UdC and Civic Choice ran with the centre-right coalition in the 2017 Sicilian regional election.

Following the 2018 general election, the centre-right coalition, led by Matteo Salvini's League, emerged with a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate, while the anti-establishment Five Star Movement led by Luigi Di Maio became the party with the largest number of votes. The centre-left coalition, led by former Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, came third.[22][23] However, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a hung parliament.[24]

After three months of negotiation, a coalition was finally formed on 1 June between the M5S and the League, whose leaders both became Deputy Prime Ministers in a government led by the M5S-linked independent Giuseppe Conte as Prime Minister.

1994 general election

In the 1994 general election the Pole of Freedoms ran only in northern Italy and Tuscany. It was composed of four parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
	Forza Italia (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
	Northern League (LN)	Regionalism	Umberto Bossi
	Christian Democratic Centre (CCD)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
	Union of the Centre (UdC)	Liberalism	Raffaele Costa

The Pole of Good Government ran only in central Italy (except Tuscany) and southern Italy. It was composed of six parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
	Forza Italia (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
	National Alliance[lower-alpha 1] (AN)	National conservatism	Gianfranco Fini
	Christian Democratic Centre (CCD)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
	Union of the Centre (UdC)	Liberalism	Raffaele Costa
	Liberal Democratic Pole (PLD)	Liberalism	Adriano Teso
	Pannella List (LP)	Liberalism	Marco Pannella

1. Including also the Italian Liberal Right.

1996 general election

In the 1996 general election the Pole for Freedoms was composed of four parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
	Forza Italia[lower-alpha 1] (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
	National Alliance[lower-alpha 2] (AN)	National conservatism	Gianfranco Fini
	Christian Democratic Centre[lower-alpha 3] (CCD)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
	United Christian Democrats[lower-alpha 3] (CDU)	Christian democracy	Rocco Buttiglione
	Federalist Italian League (LIF)[25]	Federalism	Luigi Negri
	Federalist Party (PF)	Federalism	Gianfranco Miglio
	Liberal Democratic Greens[26]	Green liberalism	Silvano Vinceti

1. Including also the List for Trieste (see below), the Liberal Democratic Foundation and the Union of the Centre.
2. Including also the Italian Liberal Right.
3. The two parties contested the election in a joint list, including also the Federalist Greens.

The coalition also had an electoral agreement with:

Party		Ideology	Leader
	Pannella–Sgarbi List (LPS)	Liberalism	Marco Pannella

The coalition had one regional partner:

Party		Region	Ideology	Leader
	List for Trieste (LpT)	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	Social liberalism	Roberto Antonione

2001 general election

In the 2001 general election the House of Freedoms was composed of seven parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
	Forza Italia[lower-alpha 1] (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
	National Alliance[lower-alpha 2] (AN)	Conservatism	Gianfranco Fini
	Northern League[lower-alpha 3] (LN)	Regionalism	Umberto Bossi
	Christian Democratic Centre[lower-alpha 4] (CCD)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
	United Christian Democrats[lower-alpha 4] (CDU)	Christian democracy	Rocco Buttiglione
	New Italian Socialist Party (NPSI)	Social democracy	Gianni De Michelis
	Italian Republican Party[lower-alpha 5] (PRI)	Liberalism	Giorgio La Malfa
	Scorporo Abolition[lower-alpha 6] (AS)	Single-issue politics	–

1. Including also the Christian Democratic Party, the Christian Democrats for Freedom, the List for Trieste and The Liberals–Sgarbi.[27]
2. Including also the Liberal Right – Liberals for Italy.
3. Including also the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party and the Lega Sud Ausonia (see below).
4. The two parties contested the election in a joint list, including also the Federalist Greens.
5. The party was included in Forza Italia's lists.
6. Scorporo Abolition was a lista civetta.

The coalition had five regional partners:

Party		Region	Ideology	Leader
	Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (PATT)	Trentino	Regionalism	Giacomo Bezzi
	List for Trieste (LpT)	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	Social liberalism	Roberto Antonione
	Southern League Ausonia (LSA)	Campania	Regionalism	Gianfranco Vestuto
	New Sicily (NS)	Sicily	Regionalism	Bartolo Pellegrino
	Sardinian Reformers (RS)	Sardinia	Regionalism	Massimo Fantola

The coalition also had an electoral agreement with:

Party		Ideology	Leader
	Tricolour Flame (FT)	Neo-fascism	Pino Rauti

2006 general election

In the 2006 general election the House of Freedoms was composed of seventeen parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
	Forza Italia[lower-alpha 1] (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
	National Alliance (AN)	Conservatism	Gianfranco Fini
	Union of Christian and Centre Democrats[lower-alpha 2] (UDC)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
	Northern League[lower-alpha 3] (LN)	Regionalism	Umberto Bossi
	Movement for Autonomy[lower-alpha 3] (MpA)	Regionalism	Raffaele Lombardo
	Christian Democracy for the Autonomies[lower-alpha 4] (DCA)	Christian democracy	Gianfranco Rotondi
	New Italian Socialist Party[lower-alpha 4] (NPSI)	Social democracy	Gianni De Michelis
	Social Alternative[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 1] (AS)	Neo-fascism	Alessandra Mussolini
	Tricolour Flame[lower-alpha 6] (FT)	Neo-fascism	Luca Romagnoli
	United Pensioners (PU)	Pensioners' interests	Filippo De Jorio
	Italian Republican Party[lower-alpha 7] (PRI)	Liberalism	Francesco Nucara
	No Euro Movement (MNE)	Euroscepticism	Renzo Rabellino
	Italian Liberal Party (PLI)	Liberalism	Stefano De Luca
	Extended Christian Pact (PACE)	Christian democracy	Gilberto Perri
	Liberal Reformers[lower-alpha 7] (RL)	Liberalism	Benedetto Della Vedova
	S.O.S. Italy (SOS)	Consumer protection	Diego Volpe Pasini
	Federalist Greens[lower-alpha 8] (VF)	Green liberalism	Laura Scalabrini

1. Negotiations with the Social Idea Movement failed.
2. The list included also the Sardinian Reformers (see below).
3. The two parties formed a joint list. The list included also the Sardinian Action Party (see below).
4. The two parties contested the election in a joint list and including the Autonomist People's Union (see below).
5. Including Social Action, New Force and the National Front.
6. Including CasaPound.[28]
7. The two parties were included in Forza Italia's lists.
8. Including the Greens Greens (see below).

The coalition had eight regional partners:

Party		Region	Ideology	Leader
	Autonomist People's Union (UPA)	Trentino	Christian democracy	Renzo Gubert
	Greens Greens (VV)	Piedmont	Green conservatism	Maurizio Lupi
	Apulia First of All (PPT)	Apulia	Regionalism	Raffaele Fitto
	List for Trieste (LpT)	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	Social liberalism	Giulio Camber
	Freedom and Autonomy (LeA)		Social liberalism	Ferruccio Saro
	New Sicily (NS)	Sicily	Social democracy	Bartolo Pellegrino
	Pact for Sicily (PpS)		Christian democracy	Nicolò Nicolosi
	Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az)	Sardinia	Sardinian nationalism	Giacomo Sanna
	Sardinian Reformers (RS)		Regionalism	Massimo Fantola

The coalition had one regional partner in foreign constituencies:

Party		Region	Ideology	Leader
	For Italy in the World	Abroad	Conservatism	Mirko Tremaglia

The House of Freedoms was also supported by Unitalia, by Italy Again and by the National Democratic Party and talks with Sicilian Alliance failed.

Berlusconi launched The People of Freedom in late 2007; this was joined by FI, AN and minor parties,[29] and continued its alliance with the LN.[30]

2008 general election

In the 2008 general election the coalition was composed of three parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
	The People of Freedom[lower-alpha 1] (PdL)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
	Northern League (LN)[lower-alpha 2]	Regionalism	Umberto Bossi
	Movement for Autonomy[lower-alpha 3] (MpA)	Regionalism	Raffaele Lombardo

1. The list, which would be transformed into a party in 2009, included Forza Italia, National Alliance, the Liberal Populars, Christian Democracy for the Autonomies, the New Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Republican Party, Freedom and Autonomy (see below), the Liberal Reformers, the Pensioners' Party, the Liberal Democrats, Federation of Christian Populars,[31] Decide!, Italians in the World, Social Action (formerly part of Social Alternative), the Libertarian Right, the Reformist Socialists and Fortza Paris (see below). Not all of these parties would be officially merged into the joint party in 2009. The PdL was also supported by Christian Democracy, after excluded by the Ministry of the Interior from the electoral competition because of the similarity of its symbol with that of the UDC and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party in Lombardy. The Sardinian Reformers tried to form an alliance, but talks failed. Also the Union of the Centre refused to join forces[32][33][34] (and was joined by the Sardinian Reformers).
2. Including also the Federalist Alliance.
3. The party was based in Sicily, but fielded lists everywhere the LN was not present. It included minor parties, like Third Pole[35] and the Southern Action League (see below), and was supported by the Italian Democratic Socialist Party in Sicily.

The coalition had four regional partners:

Party		Region	Ideology	Leader
	Greens Greens (VV)	Piedmont	Green liberalism	Maurizio Lupi
	Apulia First of All (PPT)	Apulia	Regionalism	Raffaele Fitto
	Southern Action League (LAM)		Regionalism	Giancarlo Cito
	Freedom and Autonomy (LeA)	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	Social liberalism	Ferruccio Saro
	Fortza Paris (FP)	Sardinia	Sardinian nationalism	Silvestro Ladu

2013 general election

In the 2013 general election[36] the coalition was composed of nine parties.

Party		Ideology	Leader
	The People of Freedom[lower-alpha 1] (PdL)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
	Northern League[lower-alpha 2] (LN)	Regionalism	Roberto Maroni
	Brothers of Italy (FdI)	National conservatism	Giorgia Meloni
	The Right (LD)	National conservatism	Francesco Storace
	Great South–MpA[lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4] (GS–MpA)	Regionalism	Gianfranco Micciché
	Moderates in Revolution (MIR)	Liberal conservatism	Gianpiero Samorì
	Pensioners' Party (PP)	Pensioners' interests	Carlo Fatuzzo
	Popular Agreement[lower-alpha 5] (IP)	Christian democracy	Giampiero Catone
	Stop Taxes (BT)[43][44]	Anti-tax	Luciano Garatti

1. The list was supported by the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and the Christian Democratic Party[37] and included the Union of Democrats for Europe,[38][39] the New Italian Socialist Party, Christian Democracy, Popular Construction, the Movement for the Autonomies, Fortza Paris (see below) and the Federation of Christian Populars.[40]
2. The list included the Labour and Freedom List and was supported by Fassa Association.[41]
3. Both parties were based in Sicily, but ran in several regions.
4. Including Force of the South, I the South and We the South.
5. Including Social Justice[42] and Christian Democracy.

The coalition had eight regional partners:

Party		Region	Ideology	Leader
	Valdostan Union (UV)[45][46]	Aosta Valley	Regionalism	Ennio Pastoret
	Edelweiss (SA)		Regionalism	Maurizio Martin
	Autonomist Federation (FA)		Regionalism	Giorgio Lavoyer
	Apulia First of All (PPT)	Apulia	Regionalism	Raffaele Fitto
	Popular Construction (CP)	Sicily	Regionalism	Francesco Saverio Romano
	Party of Sicilians (PdS)		Regionalism	Raffaele Lombardo
	Fortza Paris (FP)	Sardinia	Sardinian nationalism	Silvestro Ladu
	Free for a Fair Italy (LIE)[47][48]	Campania	Liberalism	Angelo Pisani

Negotiations with Alto Adige in the Heart (AAC) failed.[49]

2018 general election

In the 2018 general election the coalition was composed of five parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
	League[lower-alpha 1] (Lega)	Right-wing populism	Matteo Salvini
	Forza Italia[lower-alpha 2] (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
	Brothers of Italy[lower-alpha 3] (FdI)	National conservatism	Giorgia Meloni
	Us with Italy[lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5] (NcI)	Liberal conservatism	Raffaele Fitto
	Union of the Centre[lower-alpha 5] (UdC)	Christian democracy	Lorenzo Cesa

1. Running as "League – Salvini for Prime Minister" and including the National Movement for Sovereignty (MNS), the Italian Liberal Party (PLI), Us with Salvini (NcS) and the Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az) (see below) and was supported by the Citizens' Union for South Tyrol (BUfS)[50][51] and the Popular Autonomists[52]
2. Including Energies for Italy, The Liberals, Christian Revolution, the Pensioners' Party, the Animalist Movement, Renaissance, the Italian Reformists, the Moderates in Revolution, the New Italian Socialist Party, Veneto for Autonomy (see below),[53] Fassa Association (see below),[54] dissidents of the Italian Republican Party and supported by the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and the Greens Greens.
3. Including also Alto Adige in the Heart (see below),[55] Social Right, Diventerà Bellissima, Making Front, National Freedom, Right Renewal, National Flame and Long Live Italy.[56][57][58]
4. Including Direction Italy (including Responsible Autonomy and the Sardinian Reformers, see below), Civic Choice, Act!, Popular Construction (see below), the Movement for the Autonomies (see below), splinters from Popular Alternative, the Union of the Centre, Identity and Action and the New CDU – United Christian Democrats and was supported by the Autonomist People's Union[59].[60]
5. The two parties contested the election in a joint list.

The coalition had ten regional partners:

Party		Region	Ideology	Leader
	New Aosta Valley Movement (MNVdA)	Aosta Valley	Regionalism	Roberto Di Francesco
	Alto Adige in the Heart (AAC)	South Tyrol	Conservatism	Alessandro Urzì
	Fassa Association (AF)	Trentino	Christian democracy	Elena Testor
	Veneto for Autonomy (VpA)	Veneto	Regionalism	Maurizio Conte
	Responsible Autonomy (AR)	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	Centrism	Renzo Tondo
	Popular Construction[lower-alpha 1] (CP)	Sicily	Regionalism	Francesco Saverio Romano
	Movement for the Autonomies[lower-alpha 1] (MpA)		Regionalism	Giuseppe Maria Reina
	Diventerà Bellissima (DB)		Regionalism	Nello Musumeci
	Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az)	Sardinia	Sardinian nationalism	Christian Solinas
	Sardinian Reformers (RS)		Regionalism	Michele Cossa

1. Both parties were formerly active nationally, but now only in Sicily.

Popular support

Electoral results

Italian Parliament

Chamber of Deputies
Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
1994	17,947,445 (1st)	46.4	366 / 630	–	Silvio Berlusconi
1996	16,475,191 (1st)	44.0	246 / 630	120	Silvio Berlusconi
2001	18,569,126 (1st)	50.0	368 / 630	122	Silvio Berlusconi
2006	18,995,697 (2nd)	49.7	281 / 630	87	Silvio Berlusconi
2008	17,064,506 (1st)	46.8	344 / 630	43	Silvio Berlusconi
2013	9,923,109 (2nd)	29.2	126 / 630	218	Silvio Berlusconi
2018	12,152,345 (1st)	37.0	265 / 630	139	Matteo Salvini[lower-alpha 1]

Senate of the Republic
Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
1994	14,110,705 (1st)	42.5	156 / 315	–	Silvio Berlusconi
1996	12,694,846 (2nd)	38,9	117 / 315	39	Silvio Berlusconi
2001	17,255,734 (1st)	50.4	176 / 315	60	Silvio Berlusconi
2006	17,359,754 (1st)	49.8	156 / 315	20	Silvio Berlusconi
2008	15,508,899 (1st)	47.3	174 / 315	18	Silvio Berlusconi
2013	9,405,679 (2nd)	30.7	118 / 315	56	Silvio Berlusconi
2018	11,327,549 (1st)	37.5	135 / 315	17	Matteo Salvini[lower-alpha 1]

1. Salvini became the candidate for Prime Minister of the centre-right coalition after the results of the 2018 general election, being the leader of the party that won more votes within the coalition.

Regional Councils

Region	Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
Aosta Valley	2020	TBA	TBA	0 / 35	–
Piedmont	2019	1,027,886 (1st)	53.5	33 / 51	11
Lombardy	2018	2,686,610 (1st)	51.3	49 / 80
South Tyrol[lower-alpha 1]	2018	39,218	14.0	5 / 35	3
Trentino	2018	120,906 (1st)	47.4	21 / 35	11
Veneto	2020	1,582,405 (1st)	77.0	42 / 51	11
Friuli-Venezia Giulia	2018	264,769 (1st)	62.7	29 / 49	12
Emilia-Romagna	2020	981,787 (2nd)	45.4	19 / 50	7
Liguria	2020	354,111 (1st)	56.5	19 / 31	3
Tuscany	2020	659,058 (2nd)	40.6	14 / 41	5
Marche	2020	325,140 (2nd)	52.1	20 / 31	13
Umbria	2019	245,879 (1st)	58.8	13 / 21	7
Lazio	2018	922,664 (1st)	36.4	15 / 50	1
Abruzzo	2019	294,879 (1st)	49.2	18 / 31	11
Molise	2018	71,677 (1st)	49.3	13 / 21	7
Campania	2020	450,856 (2nd)	19.1	11 / 51	2
Apulia	2020	694,536 (2nd)	41.4	18 / 51	5
Basilicata	2019	122,548 (1st)	42.4	13 / 21	8
Calabria	2020	444,818 (1st)	57.1	20 / 30	9
Sicily	2017	809,121 (1st)	42.0	36 / 70	15
Sardinia	2019	370,354 (1st)	51.9	36 / 60	12

1. In South Tyrol the centre-right coalition ran divided.

See also

• Centre-left coalition
• Pole of Freedoms
• Pole of Good Government
• Pole for Freedoms
• House of Freedoms

References

1. Fella, Stefano; Ruzza, Carlo (March 2013). "Populism and the Fall of the Centre-Right in Italy: The End of the Berlusconi Model or a New Beginning?". Journal of Contemporary European Studies. 21 (1): 38–52. doi:10.1080/14782804.2013.766475.
2. Quaglia, Lucia (July 2005). "The Right and Europe in Italy: An Ambivalent Relationship". South European Society and Politics. 10 (2): 281–295. doi:10.1080/13608740500134978.
3. Conti, Nicolò; Cotta, Maurizio; Verzichelli, Luca (2016). "The Economic Crisis and its Effects on the Attitudes of Italian Political Elites Towards the EU". Historical Social Research. 41 (4): 129–149. doi:10.12759/hsr.41.2016.4.129-149. ISSN 0172-6404.
4. Squires, Nick (6 November 2017). "Berlusconi is back after centre-Right sweeps to victory in Sicily elections". The Telegraph.
5. Momigliano, Anna (5 March 2018). "League's Salvini: Center right ready to run Italy". POLITICO. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
6. Salvini seeks to unite Italian right with Roma rally, The Local
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