Cephalopholis sexmaculata

Cephalopholis sexmaculata, sixblotch hind, freckled cod, freckled rock-cod, sixband cod, six-banded rockcod, sixband rockcod or sixspot rockcod is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is in the family Serranidae which also includes the anthias and sea basses. This fish occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific region.

Cephalopholis sexmaculata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Subfamily: Epinephelinae
Genus: Cephalopholis
Species:
C. sexmaculata
Binomial name
Cephalopholis sexmaculata
(Rüppell, 1830)
Synonyms[2]
  • Serranus sexmaculatus Rüppell, 1830
  • Epinephelus sexmaculatus (Rüppell, 1830)
  • Serranus zanana Valenciennes, 1828
  • Cephalopholis coatesi Whitley, 1937
  • Cephalopholis gibbus Fourmanoir, 1955

Description

Cephalopholis sexmaculata has a body which is 2.5 to 3 times as long as it is deep using standard length. Larger fish, longer than 30 centimetres (12 in) show a concave dorsal profile of the head above the eyes. It has a rounded, finely serrated preopercle although these serrations are tiny in adult fish.[3] The dorsal fin contains 9 spines and 14–16 soft rays while the rounded anal fin has 3 spines and 9 soft rays. The caudal fin is rounded and the tips of the pelvic fins normally fall short of the anus.[2] There are between 49 and 54 scales in the lateral line.[3] The body has a background colour of orange-red, and there is a sparse scattering of small blue spots sparsely which becomes denser on the head and the dorsal, anal and caudal fins. There are also elongated blue spots and bars on the head, The body is marked with 4 dark vertical bars, although these are sometimes very faint, along the flanks. The bars merge on the back with blackish blotches found at the base of the dorsal fin and which extend onto the fin. A further 2 smaller dark bars are found on the caudal peduncle.[2] The gaps between these bars is sometimes rather pale and pectoral fins are orange-red in colour.[3] This species attains a maximum total length of 50 centimetres (20 in).[2]

Distribution

Cephalopholis sexmaculata has an Indo-Pacific distribution. It occurs in the Red Sea to South Africa east to French Polynesia, as far north as the Ryukyu Islands in southern Japan and south to northern Australia. It has not been recorded from the Indian subcontinent, Gulf of Oman or the Persian Gulf.[1]

Habitat and biology

Cephalopholis sexmaculata occur on diverse coastal to outer reefs, as adults, normally along deep walls with caves which have a varied and abundant invertebrate growth of organisms like large sponges and soft corals. They may be solitary or be encountered in small groups. At night they are active in deeper water but move to shallower water during the day. They are secretive in their habits. They frequently associate with the cleaner shrimp Periclimenes elegans.[2] It can be found at depths from 6 to 150 metres (20 to 492 ft).[1] It feeds mainly on fishes.[3]

Taxonomy

Cephalopholis sexmaculata was first formally described as Serranus sexmaculatus in 1830 by the German naturalist and explorer Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Rüppell (1794–1884) with the type locality given as the Red Sea.[4]

Utilisation

Cephalopholis sexmaculata is targeted by commercial fisheries using hook and line, traps and spears.[3]

References
  1. Sadovy, Y. & Leung Lap Boon, B. (2018). "Cephalopholis sexmaculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T132741A100457437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132741A100457437.en. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Cephalopholis sexmaculata" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. 125 (16). FAO, Rome. pp. 55–56. ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
  4. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Serranus sexmaculatus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
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