Ceratosoma trilobatum

Ceratosoma trilobatum is a species of colorful dorid nudibranch, a sea slug, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.[2]

Ceratosoma trilobatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Nudibranchia
Suborder: Doridina
Superfamily: Doridoidea
Family: Chromodorididae
Genus: Ceratosoma
Species:
C. trilobatum
Binomial name
Ceratosoma trilobatum
Synonyms
  • Ceratosoma berghi Rochebrune, 1895
  • Ceratosoma caledonicum Fischer, 1876
  • Ceratosoma corallinum Odhner, 1917
  • Ceratosoma cornigerum Adams & Reeve, 1850
  • Ceratosoma gibbosum Rochebrune, 1894
  • Ceratosoma lixi Rochebrune, 1894
  • Doris trifida J.E. Gray, 1850
  • Doris trilobata J.E. Gray, 1827 (original combination)
  • Polycera cornigera Adams & Reeve in Adams, 1848

Distribution

This sea slug was described from India. It is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area, from the oriental African coast to Japan, Red Sea included.[3][4]

Description

Ceratosoma trilobatum can grow to a maximal size of 15 cm length. The body colouration is extremely variable but is always composed of bright colors. However, the body colouration is not a valuable criterion of determination for this species because it can easily be confused with Ceratosoma tenue.[4]

The physical distinctive criteria are two mantle lobes on the first half of the body on each side. The first one is around the head part and the second one is close to the gills. The purple margin of the mantle and foot is an unbroken line.[4]

Another specificity of the species is the kind of "horn" covering the gills, which is like a lure and acts as a defensive chemical weapon that will scare any potential predator who dares to bite this part.[4] The gills and the rhinophores are retractile in internal sheaths and their basis has a purple margin.[4]

Behavior

Ceratosoma trilobatum is active all time and has a diurnal activity.[4]

Feeding

Ceratosoma trilobatum feeds on sponge of genus Dysidea.[5]

References
  1. Gray,J.E., 1857. Guide to the systematic distribution of Mollusca in the British Museum. Part 1. London: Taylor & Francis. page 216
  2. MolluscaBase (2018). Ceratosoma trilobatum (J.E. Gray, 1827). Accessed on 2019-01-30.
  3. Rudman W.B. (1988). The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: the genus Ceratosoma J.E. Gray. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 93 (1): 133-185.
  4. Bidgrain, P., 2019. Ceratosoma tenue Sea Slugs of the Indian Ocean, accessed 2019-01-30.
  5. Rudman, W.B., 1999 (September 29) Ceratosoma trilobatum (J. E. Gray, 1827). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
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