Ceroxylon

Ceroxylon is a genus of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae, native to the Andes in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, known as Andean wax palms.[1][2][3]

Andean wax palms
Ceroxylon
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Ceroxyloideae
Tribe: Ceroxyleae
Genus: Ceroxylon
Bonpl. ex DC.
Synonyms[1]
  • Klopstockia H.Karst.
  • Beethovenia Engel

The species are almost exclusively montane and include the tallest palm (and thus tallest monocotyledon), C. quindiuense, which reaches 61 m (200 ft) in height, and species growing at the highest altitude of the palm family (Arecaceae), at more than 3,000 m (10,000 ft) in elevation.

The genus name is derived from Latin cēra ("wax") and Ancient Greek ξύλον (xúlon, "wood").

Description

Ceroxylon palms develop single, smooth, wax-covered, often whitish cylindrical trunks encircled by ringed leafbase scars. Ceroxylon species are dioecious (the individual plant produces flowers of only one sex). Leaves are pinnate. Inflorescences emerge from among, and often project conspicuously beyond, the leaves. Round fruits, up to one inch in diameter, are red or orange at maturity. Many Ceroxylon species are endangered by habitat destruction.

Two species of Andean wax palms, C. quindiuense and C. alpinum, provide nesting sites and food for a species of Colombian parrot now in danger of extinction, Ognorhynchus icterotis.

Cultivation

Several Ceroxylon species, including C. quindiuense, C. alpinum, C. vogelianum, C. ventricosum, and C. parvifrons, are cultivated as ornamental trees outside their native range in cool, humid, mild climates with minimal frosts, such as parts of Australia, coastal California, Hawai'i, New Zealand, South Africa, and coastal Western Europe. The Jose Celestino Mutis Botanical Garden in Bogotá, Colombia, contains an extensive planting of Ceroxylon palms. Other public gardens where cultivated Ceroxylon spp. can be viewed include the San Francisco Botanical Garden in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, the Huntington Botanical Gardens, in Pasadena (near Los Angeles), California, and the Oakland Palmetum at the Lakeside Garden Center in Oakland, California.

Species

The genus contains the following species:[3]

ImageScientific nameDistribution
Ceroxylon alpinum Bonpl. ex DC.Colombia, Venezuela
Ceroxylon amazonicum GaleanoEcuador
Ceroxylon ceriferum (H.Karst.) PittierColombia, Venezuela
Ceroxylon echinulatum GaleanoEcuador, Peru
Ceroxylon parvifrons (Engel) H.Wendl.Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
Ceroxylon parvum Galeano -Ecuador
Ceroxylon peruvianum Galeano, Sanín & K.MejiaPeru
Ceroxylon pityrophyllum (Mart.) Mart. ex H.Wendl.Peru, Bolivia
Ceroxylon quindiuense (H.Karst.) H.Wendl.Colombia
Ceroxylon sasaimae GaleanoAntioquia, Cundinamarca
Ceroxylon ventricosum BurretColombia, Ecuador
Ceroxylon vogelianum (Engel) H.Wendl.Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru

References
  1. "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  2. Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. Sanin, Maria Jose; Galeano, Gloria (2011). "A revision of the Andean wax palms, Ceroxylon (Arecaceae)" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 34 (34): 1–64. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.34.1.1. Retrieved 18 January 2016.


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