Challis, Idaho

Challis is the largest city in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census, up from 909 in 2000.[4]

Challis, Idaho
City
Main Street in Challis, May 2007
Location of Challis in Custer County, Idaho.
Challis
Location in the United States
Challis
Challis (the United States)
Coordinates: 44°30′15″N 114°13′42″W
CountryUnited States
StateIdaho
CountyCuster
Area
 • Total1.94 sq mi (5.04 km2)
 • Land1.92 sq mi (4.97 km2)
 • Water0.03 sq mi (0.07 km2)
Elevation
5,253 ft (1,601 m)
Population
 • Total1,081
 • Estimate 
(2019)[3]
1,091
 • Density568.53/sq mi (219.47/km2)
Time zoneUTC-7 (Mountain (MST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-6 (MDT)
ZIP code
83226
Area code(s)208 Exchange: 879
FIPS code16-13780
GNIS feature ID0397543

History

Challis was founded in 1878 and named for A.P. Challis, who was a surveyor when the townsite was laid out.[5] Challis post office was established in 1878.[6]

Twin Peaks Sports, the I.O.O.F. Hall, and a number of other buildings in Challis are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places, most as a result of an Idaho State Historical Society study of historical resources in the town.

Highways

The Salmon River Scenic Byway uses both highways, from Stanley to Salmon. The junction with Highway 75 is south of Challis.

1983 earthquake

On Friday, October 28, 1983, the Borah Peak earthquake occurred at 8:06 am MDT. The shock measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The Challis-Mackay region experienced rather thorough damage, with 11 commercial buildings and 39 homes with major damage; while another 200 houses were damaged, minor to moderately. Mackay in particular, about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Challis, experienced the most severe damage. Most of the city's large buildings on its Main Street were damaged, to some extent; eight of these buildings were deemed condemned and closed down. Most of these buildings were built from materials such as brick, concrete block, and stone, each varying.[7] The two fatalities of the earthquake were in Challis; a store front fell on two children walking to school.[8][9]

2020 earthquake
Main article: 2020 Central Idaho earthquake

On Tuesday, March 31, 2020 at 5:52 pm MST, an earthquake measuring 6.5 on the moment magnitude scale occurred, centered 45 miles (72 km) west of Challis.[10] This was the second strongest earthquake in the state of Idaho ever recorded.[11]

Geography and climate

Challis is located at 44°30′15″N 114°13′42″W (44.504260, -114.228279),[12] at an elevation of 5,253 feet (1,601 m) above sea level.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.88 square miles (4.87 km2), of which, 1.85 square miles (4.79 km2) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km2) is water.[13]

Challis experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with cold winters, hot summers, and low precipitation throughout the year.

Climate data for Challis (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 31.4
(−0.3)		 38.8
(3.8)		 49.0
(9.4)		 58.7
(14.8)		 67.4
(19.7)		 76.8
(24.9)		 85.3
(29.6)		 84.0
(28.9)		 74.3
(23.5)		 61.2
(16.2)		 42.7
(5.9)		 31.6
(−0.2)		 58.4
(14.7)
Average low °F (°C) 12.4
(−10.9)		 17.6
(−8.0)		 25.8
(−3.4)		 32.0
(0.0)		 39.4
(4.1)		 46.2
(7.9)		 51.8
(11.0)		 50.1
(10.1)		 41.4
(5.2)		 32.7
(0.4)		 22.9
(−5.1)		 12.7
(−10.7)		 32.1
(0.1)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.51
(13)		 0.35
(8.9)		 0.58
(15)		 0.58
(15)		 1.12
(28)		 0.99
(25)		 0.78
(20)		 0.65
(17)		 0.64
(16)		 0.43
(11)		 0.56
(14)		 0.53
(13)		 7.72
(195.9)
Source: NOAA (normals, 1971–2000)[14]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1880614—
1890356−42.0%
1910338—
192048443.2%
1930418−13.6%
194062048.3%
195072817.4%
19607320.5%
19707847.1%
1980758−3.3%
19901,07341.6%
2000909−15.3%
20101,08118.9%
2019 (est.)1,091[3]0.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]

2010 census

At the 2010 census there were 1,081 people, 502 households, and 277 families living in the city. The population density was 584.3 inhabitants per square mile (225.6/km2). There were 598 housing units at an average density of 323.2 per square mile (124.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.6% White, 0.1% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 3.5% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.2%.[2]

Of the 502 households 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.8% were non-families. 39.0% of households were one person and 15.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age was 42 years. 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.2% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.0% male and 45.0% female.

2000 census

At the 2000 census there were 909 people, 410 households, and 248 families living in the city. The population density was 510.8 people per square mile (197.2/km2). There were 525 housing units at an average density of 295.0 per square mile (113.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.14% White, 0.88% Native American, 1.21% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.85%.[16]

Of the 410 households 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 35.6% of households were one person and 17.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.90.

The age distribution was 25.0% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.

The median household income was $29,904 and the median family income was $39,444. Males had a median income of $38,250 versus $21,964 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,803. About 8.5% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over.

References
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
  3. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  4. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  5. Boone, Lalia (1988) Idaho Place Names, p. 73. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho Press. ISBN 0-89301-119-3 (Sources vary as to the spelling of his first name: Alvah/Alvan/Alvin).
  6. Helbock, Richard W. (1998) United States Post Offices, Volume I - The West, p. 56. Lake Oswego, OR: La Posta Publications
  7. "Historic Earthquakes: Borah Peak, Idaho". USGS. 2008-07-16. Archived from the original on 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  8. Sher, Jeff (October 29, 1983). "Killer quake rocks northwest". Spokesman-Review. p. 1.
  9. "Idaho earthquake kills two school children". The (Prescott, AZ) Courier. Associated Press. October 28, 1983. p. 2A.
  10. "M 6.5 - 72km W of Challis, Idaho". earthquake.usgs.gov. 2020-03-31. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
  11. Blanchard, Nicole (31 March 2020). "Idaho has a history of earthquakes. Here's how they compare to Tuesday's 6.5 quake". Idaho Statesman. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  12. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  13. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-25. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
  14. "Climatography of the United States NO.81" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  15. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  16. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
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