Charles Cotton (geologist)

Sir Charles Andrew Cotton KBE (24 February 1885 – 29 June 1970) was a New Zealand geologist and geomorphologist, described as one of the leading scientists that New Zealand has produced.

For other people named Charles Cotton, see Charles Cotton (disambiguation).

Sir Charles Cotton

KBE
Born(1885-02-24)24 February 1885
Dunedin, New Zealand
Died29 June 1970(1970-06-29) (aged 85)
Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Alma materUniversity of Otago
AwardsVictoria Medal (1951)
Scientific career
FieldsGeomorphology
Geology
InstitutionsVictoria University College
InfluencesWilliam Morris Davis[1]
InfluencedLester King[2]
Colin McCahon

Early life and family

Born in Dunedin, Cotton was educated at Christchurch Boys' High School, where he lost the sight in his left eye because of a schoolmate's prank. In 1908 Cotton graduated from the University of Otago with an MSc, with first-class honours in geology.

Academic career

Cotton was then director of the Coromandel School of Mines from 1908 to 1909, and geology lecturer at Victoria University College from 1909 to 1920, when he was appointed to the newly created chair of geology. He retired in 1953. In the 1959 Queen's Birthday Honours, Cotton was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.[3] According to Cotton himself an important development to his scientific career was the introduction of air mail to New Zealand allowing letters to arrive or be received from Europe within two weeks.[4]

Cotton was a leading New Zealand scientist, and became an international authority on geomorphology through the publication of his books and papers, the most notable of which include Geomorphology of New Zealand (1922), Landscape (1941), Geomorphology (1942), Climatic Accidents in Landscape Making (1942), Volcanoes as Landscape Forms (1944), The Earth Beneath (1945), Living on a Planet (1945), and New Zealand Geomorphology (1955).[5]

Cotton's work became the inspiration for much of Colin McCahon's landscape painting.

Legacy

Cotton is considered to be one of the leading scientists New Zealand has yet produced.[6] Victoria University of Wellington has named a building to honour Cotton. The building on the Kelburn campus contains a low-rise block with science departments, a group of lecture theatres and laboratories and "Cotton Street", an enclosed concourse with shops and displays.[7]

References
  1. Chorley, Richard J.; Beckinsale, Robert P.; Dunn, Antony J. (2005) [1973]. "Chapter Twenty-Two". The History of the Study of Landforms. Volume Two. Taylor & Francis e-Library. p. 569.
  2. Twidale, C.R. (1992), "King of the plains: Lester King's contributions to geomorphology", Geomorphology, 5 (6): 491–509, doi:10.1016/0169-555X(92)90021-F
  3. "No. 41729". The London Gazette (3rd supplement). 13 June 1959. p. 3740.
  4. Twidale, C.R. (2009). ""Obscure" references: a cautionary tale". Studia Geologica Salmanticensi. 45 (1): 59–89. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.971.318.
  5. Grapes, R. H. (2008). History of Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology. Geological Society of London. p. 295. ISBN 9781862392557.
  6. New Zealand Dictionary of Biography
  7. "Kelburn Campus Map" (PDF).
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