Chiricahua leopard frog

The Chiricahua leopard frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis syn. Rana chiricahuensis)[2] is a species of frog in the family Ranidae, the true frogs. It is native to Mexico and the United States (Arizona and New Mexico). Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, freshwater springs, ponds, and open excavations. It is threatened by habitat loss and chytrid fungus to such an extent that it has been eliminated from 80% of its former habitat.[3] The Phoenix Zoo, Arizona's Department of Game and Fish, and the USFWS are trying to mitigate threats through captive breeding and reintroduction efforts.[4]

Chiricahua leopard frog
Conservation status
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Ranidae
Genus:	Lithobates
Species:	L. chiricahuensis
Binomial name
Lithobates chiricahuensis Platz & Mecham, 1979
Synonyms
Rana chiricahuensis Lithobates fisheri Lithobates subaquavocalis Platz, 1993

Phylogeny

A 2011 genetic analysis provided evidence that the northwestern Mogollon Rim population of L. chiricahuensis is indistinguishable from specimens of the extinct Vegas Valley leopard frog (Lithobates fisheri).[5]

The Ramsey Canyon leopard frog (Lithobates subaquavocalis) has also been shown to be conspecific with the Chiricahua leopard frog.

References

1. Santos-Barrera, G., et al. 2004. Lithobates chiricahuensis. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Downloaded on 23 November 2013.
2. Frost, Darrel (2011). "American Museum of Natural History: Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference". Herpetology. The American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
3. Ellis, R. (2004). No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-06-055804-8.
4. Phoenix Zoo marks restoration of 10,000th frog to the wild. National Geographic (September 1, 2010).
5. Hekkala, E. R., et al. (2011). Resurrecting an extinct species: archival DNA, taxonomy, and conservation of the Vegas Valley leopard frog. Conservation Genetics 12(5), 1379-85.

Further reading

• Hillis, D. M., et al. (1983). Phylogeny and biogeography of the Rana pipiens complex: A biochemical evaluation. Systematic Zoology 32, 132–43.
• Hillis, D. M. (1988). Systematics of the Rana pipiens complex: Puzzle and paradigm. Annual Review of Systematics and Ecology 19, 39–63.
• Hillis, D. M. and T. P. Wilcox. (2005). Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34(2), 299–314.
• Hillis, D. M. (2007). Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42, 331–38.
• Platz, J. E. and J. S. Mecham. (1979). Rana chiricahuensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from Arizona. Copeia 3, 383–90.
• Goldberg, C. S., Field, K. J. & Sredl, M. J. (2004): Mitochondrial DNA sequences do not support species status of the Ramsey Canyon leopard frog (Rana subaquavocalis). J Herpetol 38:313–319. doi: 10.1670/117-03A
• Hammerson, G. & Sredl, M. (2004): Rana subaquavocalis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 July 2007.