Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh

Chittoor is a city and district headquarters in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also the mandal and divisional headquarters of Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division, respectively.[2] The city has a population of 153,756 and that of the agglomeration is 175,647.[3]

For other uses, see Chittoor (disambiguation).

Chittoor
City
Chittoor
Chittoor
Coordinates: 13.216°N 79.098°E / 13.216; 79.098
CountryIndia
State]]Andhra Pradesh
RegionRayalaseema
DistrictChittoor
Municipality1917
Municipal corporation2012
Boroughs
8 Suburbs:
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyChittoor Municipal Corporation (CMC), Chittoor Urban Development Authority(CHUDA)
Area
 • City95.97 km2 (37.05 sq mi)
Area rank7th (Andhra Pradesh)
Elevation
333.75 m (1,094.98 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • City152,654
 • Rank13th (Andhra Pradesh) 233 (India)
 • Density1,600/km2 (4,100/sq mi)
 • Metro175,647
Demonym(s)Chitoorian
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
517001
Telephone code+91–08572
Vehicle registrationAP–03,AP-39
WebsiteOfficial website

History

After the Indian independence in 1947, Chittoor became a part of the erstwhile Madras State. The modern Chittoor district was formerly North Arcot district, which was established by the British in the 19th century had Chittoor as its headquarters. On 1 April 1911, district was split into Chittoor district and North Arcot district.

Pre-history

The district abounds in several pre-historic sites. The surface finds discovered are assigned to special stages in the progress of civilization. Paleolithic tools were discovered at Tirupathi, Sitarampeta, Ellampalle, Mekalavandlapalle, Piler, etc. Mesolithic tools were discovered at Chinthaparthi, Moratavandlapalle, Aruvandlapalle, Tirupathi etc. Remains of Neolithic and ancient tools were unearthed near Bangarupalem. The existence of megalithic culture was revealed by the discovery of burials at Irulabanda, Bapanatham, Valimikipuram (Vayalpadu), Sodum, Velkuru, Nyakaneri, Basinikonda, etc.

Political history

The political history of the district commences with the Mauryas in the 4th century BC. The district of Chittoor was not a homogeneous administrative unit up to 1911. Its component parts were under the control of various principal dynasties at different periods of times, namely, the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Cholas, Pandyas, Royal of Vijayanagara, Qutub Shahis, Mughals, Asof Jahis, Marathas, Hyder Ali and Tipu of Mysore, and the British, besides minor dynasties such as the Renande Cholas, Banas, Vaidumbas, Nolambas, Western Gangas, Yadavas, Telugu Cholas, Matlis, Uttama Chola, Andiyaman, Siyaganga rulers, Nawabs of Kadapa and Arcot. The zamindars of Karvetinagar, Srikalahasthi, Punganur and Kangundhi also ruled over this district.[4]

Geography

Chittoor city lies on the banks of Neeva River at the southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh state. It is located on the NH 69 and NH 40 linking major metropolitan cities of Bangalore and Chennai.

It is located between the northern latitudes of 37" and 14°8" and between the eastern longitudes 78°33" and 79°55". It is bounded on the east by Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh and south by Vellore, Tiruvallur districts of Tamil Nadu, on the west by Kolar and Chikkaballapur districts of Karnataka, on the north Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh and on the south by Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu. In respect of area it takes the eighth place with an area of 15,150 square kilometers which accounts for 5.51 percent of the total area of the state. The general elevation of the mountainous part of the district is 2500 feet above sea level. The Chennai & Bangalore cities are located in 150 km. and 165 km. respectively to Chittoor Town.[5]

Climate
Climate data for Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 28.7
(83.7)		 31.4
(88.5)		 34.4
(93.9)		 36.4
(97.5)		 40.0
(104.0)		 35.5
(95.9)		 33.5
(92.3)		 33.3
(91.9)		 32.8
(91.0)		 31.1
(88.0)		 28.8
(83.8)		 27.6
(81.7)		 32.8
(91.0)
Average low °C (°F) 17.7
(63.9)		 18.8
(65.8)		 21.2
(70.2)		 24.5
(76.1)		 26.2
(79.2)		 25.7
(78.3)		 24.6
(76.3)		 24.4
(75.9)		 23.8
(74.8)		 22.5
(72.5)		 20.2
(68.4)		 18.1
(64.6)		 22.3
(72.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 6
(0.2)		 6
(0.2)		 8
(0.3)		 24
(0.9)		 58
(2.3)		 72
(2.8)		 102
(4.0)		 115
(4.5)		 145
(5.7)		 162
(6.4)		 110
(4.3)		 54
(2.1)		 862
(33.7)
Source: Climate-Data.org[6]

Demographics

Telugu is the official and widely spoken language.[7] Chittoor has a population of 152,654[8] and has a sex ratio of 1002 females per 1000 males compared to the state average of 992 females, as of 2011 census.[9] The literacy rate of the city is 90.60%.[10] Chittoor was upgraded as municipal corporation in 2011. And also a large minority of Tamil people live here

Governance

Chittoor Municipal Corporation is the civic administrative body of the city. It was constituted as a Grade–III municipality in the year 1917. It was upgraded to Grade–II in 1950, Grade–I in 1965, Special Grade in 1980 and Selection Grade in 2000. On 7 July 2012, it was upgraded to municipal corporation by merging 14 gram panchayats into the corporation and is spread over an area of 69.75 km2 (26.93 sq mi).[11]

Economy
Agriculture near Chittoor

Chittoor is the district capital and houses many district level government institutions.

Chittoor is predominantly an agro-market place and a major market for mango, grain, sugarcane, and peanut. Other industries include oilseed, poultry and milk. Tomato farming contributing over 20% of the State's production. Ground nut is the most major commercial crop in the district followed by sugarcane and the major horticulture crop of mangoes. 2nd largest milk-producing district with its expansive dairy industries. In the field of dairy, the district stood first in the state. The district is famous also for textile industries like that of silk with 13,000 power looms providing employment 40,000 workers. Granite industry famous for its black, pink and grey granites.[12]

Landmarks

The Swayambu Varasidhi Vinayakaswamy temple at Kanipakam is the famous notable Hindu temple near the city.

Ardhagiri Anjaneyaswamy temple at Aragonda is the notable landmark near the city.

The 11th century historical Chandragiri Fort is the notable landmark near the city.

Movie theatres
  • V Mega Vijaya Lakshmi & Chanakya Theaters
  • Raghava Theatre
  • MSR Movie Land
  • Sri Gurunatha Theatre
  • SDC CINEMAS Ananda Theatre
  • SDC CINEMAS Sri Venkateswara Theatre (under renovation)
  • Devi Theatre

Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.[13][14] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.

Engineering colleges:

Medical colleges:

  • Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research[17]
  • RVS Institute of Medical Sciences[18]

Others:

Transport

Roadways

APS RTC bus on Chittoor Roads

The city is well connected to major cities through national and state highways. The National Highways through Chittoor City are, National Highway 40 (India) connecting Chittoor with Kadapa and Kurnool on North and connecting Vellore and Chennai on South National Highway 69 (India) connecting Chittoor with Kolar and Bangalore on West National Highway 140 (India) connecting Chittoor with Tirupati and Nellore on East. The city has total road length of 382.30 km.[19]

Public transport

The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Chittoor bus station.[20] Bus services are operated to Kanipakam, Tirupati, Madanapalli, Palamaner, Piler, Puttur, Kuppam, Srikalahasti, Nellore, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Salem, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Puducherry, Kolar, Bangalore, Mysore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapur, Hyderabad, Hanumakonda, Warangal, Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram, Kakinada, Vijayawada, Guntur, Tenali, Ongole Amaravati and also to all other major towns and cities in the Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Puducherry and Telangana states.

Railways Chittoor railway station is a National railway station in Chittoor city of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on Gudur–Katpadi branch line section and is administered under Guntakal railway division of South Central Railway zone. Nearest major railway junction is Katpadi Junction railway station Tamil Nadu. Just 30 km from Chittoor city. There are direct trains daily from Chittoor to Vijayawada, Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram, Guntur, Tenali, Visakhapatnam, Kacheguda (Hyderabad), Bengaluru, Mysuru, Thiruvananthapuram, New Delhi to Kanyakumari HimSagar Express and weekly/biweekly/triweekly trains connect Chittoor with Mannargudi, Jammu, Katra, Tirunelveli, Mangalore, Ernakulam, Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram, Hatia Ranchi, Santragachi (Kolkata) and Jayanthi Janata Express, etc. which run through Chittoor.

Airports

The nearest domestic airport is Tirupati Airport at Renigunta in Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh.

The nearest international airports are Chennai International Airport at Chennai and Kempegowda International Airport at Bangalore.

The Infrastructure Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited (INCAP) will build Kuppam Airport at Shantipuram Mandal at an estimated cost of Rs 100 crore .[21][22]

Politics

Chittoor city spreads over Chittoor assembly (Majority), Puthalapattu assembly (partially), Gangadhara Nellore assembly (partially) constituencies in Andhra Pradesh. Chittoor is part of Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency).

Chittor Assembly Constituency
  • |Year| |Assembly Constituency| |Winner Candidates Name| |Party| |Votes| |Runner UP| |Party| |Votes|
  • 2019 --- Chittoor --- Jangalapalli Srinivasulu --- YSRC --- 91206 --- A.S. Manohar --- TDP --- 51238
  • 2014 --- Chittoor --- D. A. Sathya Prabha --- TDP --- 73430 --- Jangalapalli Srinivasulu --- YSRC --- 66631
  • 2009 --- Chittoor --- C.K.Jayachandra Reddy --- INC --- 46094 --- Jangalapalli Srinivasulu --- PRP --- 44384
  • 2004 --- Chittoor --- A.S. Manohar --- TDP --- 58788 --- C.K. Jayachandra Reddy --- IND --- 54900
  • 1999 --- Chittoor --- C.K.Jayachandra Reddy --- INC --- 62999 --- A.S.Manohar --- TDP --- 48702
  • 1994 --- Chittoor --- C.K. Jayachandra Reddy --- INC --- 46709 --- A.S. Manohar --- TDP --- 44623
  • 1989 --- Chittoor --- C.K. Jayachandra Reddy --- IND --- 44972 --- C. Hari Prasad --- TDP --- 26986
  • 1985 --- Chittoor --- R. Gopinathan --- INC --- 45081 --- Rajasimhulu --- TDP --- 36439
  • 1983 --- Chittoor --- Jhansi Laxmi --- IND --- 49127 --- N.P.Venkateswara Choudary--- INC --- 32693
  • 1978 --- Chittoor --- N.P.Venkateswara Choudary --- JNP --- 29941 --- C.V.L. Narayana --- INC(I)--- 21139
  • 1972 --- Chittoor --- D. Aanjineyulu Naidu --- INC --- 32607 --- K. M. Erriah --- DMK --- 14324
  • 1967 --- Chittoor --- D. Aanjineyulu Naidu --- INC --- 32559 --- P. V. Naidu --- SWA --- 20979
  • 1962 --- Chittoor --- C. D. Naidu --- SWA --- 35256 --- P. Chinnama Reddy --- INC --- 13301
  • 1955 --- Chittoor --- P. Chinnama Reddy --- INC --- 17397 --- C.V. Srinivasa Modhaliar --- IND --- 10456

Notable people

See also

References
  1. "Introduction". chittoormunicipalcorporation. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  2. "Chittoor District Mandals" (PDF). Census of India. pp. 497, 518–19. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  3. "Andhra Pradesh (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". citypopulation.de.
  4. "::chittoor::". ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  5. Topography/ Boundaries – CHITTOOR DISTRICT'S OFFICIAL WEBSITE | ANDHRA PRADESH | INDIA - చిత్తూరు జిల్లా అధికారిక వెబ్సైట్ - ChittoorDistrictWebsite Archived 22 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  6. "CLIMATE: CHITTOOR". Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  7. "WELCOME TO CENSUS OF INDIA : Census India Library". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  8. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/towns/ap_towns.pdf
  9. Sex Ratio of Andhra Pradesh is 992 per 1000 as per Census 2011 | Census 2011 Indian Population Archived 23 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Census2011.co.in (27 April 2011). Retrieved on 2012-01-07.
  10. Chittor Municipality Archived 10 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Chittoor.ap.gov.in. Retrieved on 7 January 2012.
  11. "Chittoor Municipal Corporation at a glance". Chittoor Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  12. Commerce/ Industries – CHITTOOR DISTRICT'S OFFICIAL WEBSITE | ANDHRA PRADESH | INDIA - చిత్తూరు జిల్లా అధికారిక వెబ్సైట్ - ChittoorDistrictWebsite Archived 2 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  13. "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  14. "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal". AP State Portal. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  15. Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Management Studies
  16. SVCET: Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Technology.
  17. Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research.
  18. RVS Institute of Medical Sciences
  19. "DETAILS OF ROADS IN EACH ULB OF ANDHRA PRADESH". Archived from the original on 1 August 2016.
  20. "Bus Stations in Districts". Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  21. "Airstrip to come up in Kuppam soon". Hans India India. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  22. "Development of Regional Airport at Kuppam (Chittoor District)". INCAP website. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  23. Nara Chandrababu Naidu
  24. "Dr. C. R. Reddy". 1973. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
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