Chlorophytum

Chlorophytum (/ˌklɒrəˈfaɪtəm, ˌklɔː-, -roʊ-/,[3][4] common name spider plant), is a genus of almost 200 species of evergreen perennial flowering plants in the century plant subfamily within the asparagus family.[5] The plants are native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia, and Asia.[2][6][7][8]

Chlorophytum
Chlorophytum comosum 'Vittatum' – a variegated cultivar
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Agavoideae
Genus: Chlorophytum
Ker Gawl.[1]
Type species
Chlorophytum inornatum
Synonyms[2]
  • Hartwegia Nees
  • Hollia Heynh.
  • Schidospermum Griseb. in W.Lechler
  • Asphodelopsis Steud. ex Baker
  • Acrospira Welw. ex Baker
  • Dasystachys Baker 1878, illegitimate homonym, not Oerst. 1859
  • Debesia Kuntze
  • Verdickia De Wild.

They grow to 10–60 cm tall, with a rosette of long, slender leaves 15–75 cm long and 0.5–2 cm broad and thick, fleshy tuberous roots. The flowers are small, usually white, produced on sparse panicles up to 120 cm long; in some species the plants also reproduce vegetatively by means of plantlets, tiny plants that take root on touching the ground.[3]

Chlorophytum comosum, the common Spider Plant, a native of South Africa, is a very popular houseplant especially in its variegated form 'Vittatum'. It is commonly grown in hanging pots suspended by ropes or wires in bright sunlight.[3]

Chlorophytum borivilianum is a native of India and it is used and grown as a medicinal plant.

  • Flower of C. comosum
  • Fleshy tuberous roots of C. comosum

Species, subspecies, and varieties

The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families recognized 191 species as of January 2013:[2]

  • Chlorophytum acutum (C.H.Wright) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum affine Baker
    • Chlorophytum affine var. affine
    • Chlorophytum affine var. curviscapum (Poelln.) Hanid
  • Chlorophytum africanum (Baker) Baker
  • Chlorophytum alismifolium Baker
  • Chlorophytum alpinum Benth. ex Baker
  • Chlorophytum altum Engl. & K.Krause
  • Chlorophytum amplexicaule Baker
  • Chlorophytum anceps (Baker) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum andongense Baker
  • Chlorophytum angulicaule (Baker) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum angustiracemosum Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum angustissimum (Poelln.) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum ankarense H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum appendiculatum H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum applanatum Nordal & Thulin
  • Chlorophytum arcuatoramosum R.B.Drumm.
  • Chlorophytum aridum Oberm.
  • Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker
  • Chlorophytum aureum Engl.
  • Chlorophytum basitrichum Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum baturense K.Krause
  • Chlorophytum benuense Engl. & K.Krause
  • Chlorophytum bharuchae Ansari, Sundararagh. & Hemadri
  • Chlorophytum bifolium Dammer
  • Chlorophytum blepharophyllum Schweinf. ex Baker
    • Chlorophytum blepharophyllum subsp. blepharophyllum
    • Chlorophytum blepharophyllum subsp. pendulum Hoell & Nordal
    • Chlorophytum blepharophyllum subsp. rubropygmaeum Bjorå & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & R.R.Fern.
  • Chlorophytum bowkeri Baker
  • Chlorophytum brachystachyum Baker
  • Chlorophytum bracteatum Hua
  • Chlorophytum brevipedunculatum Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum breviscapum Dalzell
  • Chlorophytum bulbinifolium Hoell & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum burundiense Meerts
  • Chlorophytum calyptrocarpum (Baker) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum cameronii (Baker) Kativu
    • Chlorophytum cameronii var. cameronii
    • Chlorophytum cameronii var. grantii (Baker) Nordal
    • Chlorophytum cameronii var. purpuratum (Rendle) Govaerts
  • Chlorophytum camporum Engl. & K.Krause
  • Chlorophytum capense (L.) Voss
  • Chlorophytum caudatibracteatum Engl. & K.Krause
  • Chlorophytum caulescens (Baker) Marais & Reilly
  • Chlorophytum chelindaense Kativu & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum chevalieri Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum chinense Bureau & Franch.
  • Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker
  • Chlorophytum clarae Bjorå & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum collinum (Poelln.) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum colubrinum (Baker) Engl.
  • Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques
  • Chlorophytum cooperi (Baker) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum cordifolium De Wild.
  • Chlorophytum crassinerve (Baker) Oberm.
  • Chlorophytum crispum (Thunb.) Baker
  • Chlorophytum cyperaceum (Kies) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum dalzielii (Hutch. ex Hepper) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum debile Baker
  • Chlorophytum decaryanum H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum decipiens Baker
  • Chlorophytum densiflorum Engl.
  • Chlorophytum dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum dolichocarpum Tamura
  • Chlorophytum ducis-aprutii Chiov.
  • Chlorophytum fasciculatum (Baker) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum filifolium Nordal & Thulin
  • Chlorophytum filipendulum Baker
    • Chlorophytum filipendulum subsp. filipendulum
    • Chlorophytum filipendulum subsp. amaniense (Engl.) Nordal & A.D.Poulsen
  • Chlorophytum fischeri (Baker) Baker
  • Chlorophytum gallabatense Schweinf. ex Baker
  • Chlorophytum galpinii (Baker) Kativu
    • Chlorophytum galpinii var. galpinii
    • Chlorophytum galpinii var. matabelense (Baker) Kativu
    • Chlorophytum galpinii var. norlindhii (Weim.) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly
  • Chlorophytum geophilum Peter ex Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum glaucoides Blatt.
  • Chlorophytum glaucum Dalzell
  • Chlorophytum goetzei Engl.
  • Chlorophytum gothanense Malpure & S.R.Yadav
  • Chlorophytum gracile Baker
  • Chlorophytum graminifolium (Willd.) Kunth
  • Chlorophytum graniticola Kativu
  • Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum graptophyllum (Baker) Marais & Reilly
  • Chlorophytum haygarthii J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
  • Chlorophytum herrmannii Nordal & Sebsebe
  • Chlorophytum heynei Baker
  • Chlorophytum hiranense Nordal & Thulin
  • Chlorophytum hirsutum A.D.Poulsen & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum holstii Engl.
  • Chlorophytum humbertianum H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum humifusum Cufod.
  • Chlorophytum hypoxiforme (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly
  • Chlorophytum hysteranthum Kativu
  • Chlorophytum immaculatum (Hepper) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum inconspicuum (Baker) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum indicum (Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Dress
  • Chlorophytum inornatum Ker Gawl.
  • Chlorophytum intermedium Craib
  • Chlorophytum kolhapurense Sardesai, S.P.Gaikwad & S.R.Yadav
  • Chlorophytum krauseanum (Dinter) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum krookianum Zahlbr.
  • Chlorophytum lancifolium Welw. ex Baker
    • Chlorophytum lancifolium subsp. lancifolium
    • Chlorophytum lancifolium subsp. cordatum (Engl.) A.D.Poulsen & Nordal
    • Chlorophytum lancifolium subsp. togoense (Engl.) A.D.Poulsen & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum latifolium Engl. & K.Krause
  • Chlorophytum laxum R.Br.
  • Chlorophytum leptoneurum (C.H.Wright) Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum lewisae Oberm.
  • Chlorophytum limosum (Baker) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum littorale Nordal & Thulin
  • Chlorophytum longifolium Schweinf. ex Baker
  • Chlorophytum longiscapum Dammer
  • Chlorophytum longissimum Ridl.
  • Chlorophytum macrophyllum (A.Rich.) Asch.
  • Chlorophytum macrorrhizum Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum macrosporum Baker
  • Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker
  • Chlorophytum malabaricum Baker
  • Chlorophytum malayense Ridl.
  • Chlorophytum micranthum Baker
  • Chlorophytum minor Kativu
  • Chlorophytum modestum Baker
  • Chlorophytum monophyllum Oberm.
  • Chlorophytum namaquense Schltr. ex Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum namorokense H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum nepalense (Lindl.) Baker
  • Chlorophytum nervatum (C.H.Wright) Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum nervosum Nordal & Thulin
  • Chlorophytum nidulans (Baker) Brenan
  • Chlorophytum nimmonii Dalzell
  • Chlorophytum nubicum (Baker) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum nyasae (Rendle) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum nzii A.Chev. ex Hepper
  • Chlorophytum occultum A.D.Poulsen & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum orchidastrum Lindl.
  • Chlorophytum parkeri (Baker) Marais & Reilly
  • Chlorophytum parvulum Chiov.
  • Chlorophytum paucinervatum (Poelln.) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum pauciphyllum Oberm.
  • Chlorophytum pauper Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum pendulum Nordal & Thulin
  • Chlorophytum peralbum Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum perfoliatum Kativu
  • Chlorophytum petraeum Nordal & Thulin
  • Chlorophytum petrophilum K.Krause
  • Chlorophytum pilosissimum Engl. & K.Krause
  • Chlorophytum polystachys Baker
  • Chlorophytum pseudocaule Tesfaye & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum pterocarpum Nordal & Thulin
  • Chlorophytum puberulum Engl.
  • Chlorophytum pubiflorum Baker
  • Chlorophytum pusillum Schweinf. ex Baker
  • Chlorophytum pygmaeum (Weim.) Kativu
    • Chlorophytum pygmaeum subsp. pygmaeum
    • Chlorophytum pygmaeum subsp. rhodesianum (Rendle) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum radula (Baker) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum ramosissimum Nordal & Thulin
  • Chlorophytum rangei (Engl. & K.Krause) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum recurvifolium (Baker) C.Archer & Kativu
  • Chlorophytum reflexibracteatum Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum rhizopendulum Bjorå & Hemp
  • Chlorophytum rigidum Kunth
  • Chlorophytum ruahense Engl.
  • Chlorophytum rubribracteatum (De Wild.) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum rutenbergianum Vatke
  • Chlorophytum saundersiae (Baker) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum scabrum Baker
  • Chlorophytum senegalense (Baker) Hepper
  • Chlorophytum serpens Sebsebe & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum silvaticum Dammer
  • Chlorophytum simplex Craib
  • Chlorophytum sofiense (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly
  • Chlorophytum somaliense Baker
  • Chlorophytum sparsiflorum Baker
    • Chlorophytum sparsiflorum var. sparsiflorum
    • Chlorophytum sparsiflorum var. bipindense (Engl. & K.Krause) Bjorå & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum sphacelatum (Baker) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum staudtii Nordal
  • Chlorophytum stenopetalum Baker
  • Chlorophytum stolzii (K.Krause) Weim.
  • Chlorophytum subligulatum H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum subpetiolatum (Baker) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum suffruticosum Baker
  • Chlorophytum superpositum (Baker) Marais & Reilly
  • Chlorophytum sylvestre Bardot-Vaucoulon
  • Chlorophytum tenerrimum Peter ex Poelln.
  • Chlorophytum tetraphyllum (L.f.) Baker
  • Chlorophytum transvaalense (Baker) Kativu
  • Chlorophytum trichophlebium (Baker) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum triflorum (Aiton) Kunth
  • Chlorophytum tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier
  • Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker
  • Chlorophytum unyikense Engl.
  • Chlorophytum velutinum Kativu
  • Chlorophytum vestitum Baker
  • Chlorophytum viridescens Engl.
  • Chlorophytum viscosum Kunth
  • Chlorophytum waibelii K.Krause
  • Chlorophytum warneckei (Engl.) Marais & Reilly
  • Chlorophytum zambiense Bjorå & Nordal
  • Chlorophytum zavattarii (Cufod.) Nordal
  • Chlorophytum zingiberastrum Nordal & A.D.Poulsen

References
  1. Ker Gawler, John Bellenden 1807. Botanical Magazine 27: plate 1071 + 2 subsequent text pages description in Latin, commentary in English; full-page color illustration of Chlorophytum inornatum
  2. Search for "Chlorophytum", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2013-01-07
  3. Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  4. "Chlorophytum". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
  5. Stevens, P.F. (2001–2012), Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Agavoideae
  6. Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 205 吊兰属 diao lan shu Chlorophytum Ker Gawler, Bot. Mag. 27: t. 1071. 1807.
  7. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Red List of South African Plants, search for Chlorophytum
  8. Atlas of Living Australia, Chlorophytum
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