Christoph Eschenbach

Christoph Eschenbach (German: [ˈkʁɪstɔf ˈɛʃn̩bax]; born 20 February 1940) is a German pianist and conductor.

Christoph Eschenbach
Christoph Eschenbach in 2012
Born (1940-02-20) 20 February 1940
Breslau, Upper Silesia, German Reich
Occupation
  • Classical pianist
  • Conductor
Organization
Awards
Websitewww.christoph-eschenbach.com

Early life

Eschenbach was born in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland). His parents were Margarethe (née Jaross) and Heribert Ringmann. He was orphaned during World War II. His mother died giving birth to him; his father, a politically active anti-Nazi, was sent to the Eastern front as part of a Nazi punishment battalion where he was killed.[1] As a result of this trauma, Eschenbach did not speak for a year, until he was asked if he wanted to play music.[2] Wallydore Eschenbach (née Jaross), his mother's cousin, adopted him in 1946 and began to teach him to play the piano. At age 11, he attended a concert conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler which had a great impact on him. In 1955, Eschenbach enrolled at the Musikhochschule in Cologne, studying piano with Hans-Otto Schmidt-Neuhaus and conducting with Wilhelm Brückner-Rüggeberg. He then pursued further studies at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg with Eliza Hansen (piano) and Wilhelm Brückner-Rüggeberg (conducting).

Musical career

As a pianist,[3] Eschenbach has won numerous first-place piano competition prizes, including first prize in the Clara Haskil Competition in Vevey, Switzerland in 1965. In 1964, he made his first recording (of Mozart) for Deutsche Grammophon and signed a contract with the label. Eschenbach continued to study conducting with George Szell, with whom he worked for more than three years. In addition, he counted Herbert von Karajan as a mentor.

In 1981, Eschenbach became principal guest conductor of the Tonhalle Orchestra Zurich, and was chief conductor from 1982 to 1986. He was co-artistic director of the Pacific Music Festival from 1992 to 1998. He was chief conductor of the NDR Symphony Orchestra, Hamburg from 1998 to 2004. He was artistic director of the Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival from 1999 until 2003. From 2000 to 2010, Eschenbach was Music Director of the Orchestre de Paris.[4]

In the United States, Eschenbach was music director of the Houston Symphony Orchestra from 1988 to 1999. The orchestra toured Japan and Europe under his tenure as well made several recordings with Koch International Classics and RCA. In honour of his achievements and tenure with the Houston Symphony, the City of Houston placed a bronze commemorative star with his name in front of Jones Hall, the performance home of the Houston Symphony.[5] He was music director of the Ravinia Festival from 1994 to 2005.

Eschenbach has made more than 80 recordings as piano soloist, conductor, or both, has appeared in several television documentaries, and has made many concert broadcasts for different European, Japanese and U.S. networks. Eschenbach is credited with helping and supporting talented young musicians in their career development, including soprano Renée Fleming, pianists Tzimon Barto and Lang Lang, cellists Claudio Bohórquez, and Daniel Müller-Schott, and soprano Marisol Montalvo.

Philadelphia Orchestra

Eschenbach became the seventh Music Director of The Philadelphia Orchestra in 2003. His appointment generated controversy because, at the time of the announcement, Eschenbach had not conducted the orchestra in over four years and there was a perceived lack of personal chemistry between him and the musicians prior to the appointment.[6][7][8] One musician from the orchestra had stated, after the announcement:

"'When this announcement was proclaimed after a half-hour meeting with us, there wasn't applause; there was criticism,' recalled a musician with the Philadelphia Orchestra. 'One member of the search committee got up and said, "You'll see, you'll like him."

'The orchestra was taken aback by the attitude because there was no meeting to verify what we thought,' the musician said. 'There was no chemistry with Eschenbach. He hasn't conducted us in four or five years and 20 to 30 persons had never played with him.'"[6]

In a 2004 article, Eschenbach tried to downplay such statements, and noted his own particular style of interpretation:

"I prefer to have flexible tempos and not be fixed. Quicker tempos tend to court superficiality."[9]

Partway into his tenure, his initial 3-year contract was renewed to 2008.

However, in October 2006, the orchestra and Eschenbach announced that he would conclude his tenure in Philadelphia at the close of the 2007–2008 season. In the weeks prior to his departure, Philadelphia Inquirer music critics Peter Dobrin and David Patrick Stearns had contrasting articles whether or not he should be retained, with Dobrin suggesting that Eschenbach should move on[10] and Stearns arguing that Eschenbach should remain.[11] Other harsh criticism of Eschenbach's tenure in Philadelphia has been aired.[12]

Following the announcement, Dobrin in the Inquirer wrote that Eschenbach's tenure in Philadelphia has been difficult for many musicians:

"In three seasons, Eschenbach and the orchestra have produced a handful of brilliant concerts. More often, though, his rehearsals and performances have elicited a long list of complaints from musicians: getting lost in the score at concerts; leading disorganized rehearsals and then asking for overtime; and insisting on a peculiar rushing and slowing of tempos."[13]

The paper also cited a number of accomplishments including a new recording contract and the appointment of nine musicians, four of whom were principals. In addition, Eschenbach has received praise for his work in fund-raising for the orchestra.[14][15]

Following the announcement and Dobrin's Inquirer article, The Philadelphia Orchestra Association posted a letter on its website, dated 27 October 2006, which also was sent by e-mail to orchestra patrons. A quote from this letter condemned Dobrin's criticism:

"We, and many in the community, feel that in recent press coverage there have been personal attacks on Maestro Eschenbach, along with negative innuendo about his relationship with The Philadelphia Orchestra. ...These types of comments about Maestro Eschenbach and our orchestra are ridiculous, offensive and defamatory. Our entire orchestra family is profoundly disappointed when reporters report the news in such an ungracious way."[16]

Dobrin, in turn, responded in a 29 October 2006 Philadelphia Inquirer article by quoting one of his 2001 Inquirer articles around the time of the Eschenbach announcement:

"....let me quote from something I wrote in March 2001 that might be an important reminder about how we got to this dangerous place:
It hit many musicians like the dull thud of pragmatism, this decision in January to hire Eschenbach as the orchestra's seventh music director, starting in September 2003. At a meeting announcing the decision, players responded with silence. No applause, no excited stamping of feet. Silence. And then the resentment poured forth.

One musician used the word "underwhelmed." Another said he felt "betrayed."...[8]

This contrasts with earlier reports of how the musicians "had input" in the choice of the previous Philadelphia music director, Wolfgang Sawallisch.[17] In addition, the new orchestra president (as of 2006), James Undercofler, had spoken with orchestra musicians, and had told Eschenbach this summary of his discussions with them:

"-that 80 percent of the musicians did not agree with his artistic interpretations;
-that 80 percent of the musicians left concerts feeling great anger;
-and that the orchestra was a "ticking time bomb."[18]

In an article by Cragg Hines in the newspaper The Washingtonian on 1 December 2009 Eschenbach was quoted:

"They said there was a survey of the whole orchestra and more than 80 percent of the orchestra was against me. I asked the management 'was that true?' and was told, ‘Yes, it's true.' It was not true at all. As I found out a little later, this survey never happened [...] All of the musicians regretted very, very much that [it] was reported like this."

In a 2007 article, Mark Swed of the Los Angeles Times has written about the Eschenbach/Philadelphia Orchestra situation:

"{Eschenbach} is one of the world's finest musicians and widely recognized as such. He has ideas. He has sophisticated tastes. He is cosmopolitan. He is an exciting interpreter. Colleagues speak of him warmly, and he is a favorite accompanist for singers.....So what's wrong? Just about everything. It is well known that the orchestra opposed the hiring of Eschenbach. He hadn't conducted in Philadelphia for five years when the appointment was made, and a memo was leaked to the press with 75 players' signatures asking management to hold off any decision until the orchestra got a chance to work with him. From the beginning, the relationship started off on the wrong foot...But the Philadelphia orchestra has not been exactly transformed by Eschenbach. I've been hearing reports of players looking bored onstage. Audiences walk out during performances. Even two years ago, at my last visit to Verizon Hall, the atmosphere was palpably unpleasant."[19]

In a June 2007 article, Stearns reported Eschenbach as commenting on the Philadelphia Orchestra management as follows:

"The management in both cases [Paris and Philadelphia], I'm sorry to say, is amateurish"...."The management knows what I think ... it's not a secret".[4]

In a July 2007 article, Dobrin emphasized that the problems in the Eschenbach/Philadelphia Orchestra relationship were not related to personality, but rather to musical quality:

"While many refuse to believe it, the factor that has undermined Christoph Eschenbach's tenure is not personality. He's a lovely guy; he and the players have a cordial off-stage relationship. The problem is the music. If 80 percent of the musicians leave concerts angry – as Eschenbach told players that president James Undercofler had told him – that's corrosive to the music and the institution."[20]

In August 2007, the orchestra announced extended guest-conducting periods for Eschenbach with the ensemble in the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 seasons, after the conclusion of his tenure as music director.[21][22]

Later career

On 25 September 2008 the National Symphony Orchestra (NSO) appointed Eschenbach as its sixth music director, effective with the 2010–11 season, as well as the newly created music director of the Kennedy Center.[23] In September 2011 the NSO and the Kennedy Center announced the extension of Eschenbach's contract through the 2014–2015 season.[24] In March 2014, the organisations announced an extension of Eschenbach's contract through the 2016–2017 season.[25] In February 2015, the NSO announced the scheduled conclusion of Eschenbach's tenure as NSO music director at the end of the 2016–2017 season, at which time he became the NSO's conductor laureate.[26]

In November 2017 the Konzerthausorchester Berlin announced the appointment of Eschenbach as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2019–2020 season, with an initial contract of 3 years.[27]

Honours and awards

References
  1. Christoph Eschenbach in "A Wayfarer's Journey: Listening to Mahler." Ruth Yorkin Drazen, PBS, 2007.
  2. Interview with Margaret Throsby broadcast on ABC Classic FM on 31 July 2013.
  3. 88 notes pour piano solo, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Neva Éditions, 2015, p. 52 and 277. ISBN 978-2-3505-5192-0
  4. David Patrick Stearns, "Eschenbach out of post in Paris". Philadelphia Inquirer, 1 June 2007.
  5. staff (1 June 1999). "City Honors Eschenbach". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
  6. Doreen Carvajal (6 February 2001). "Musicians Are Gaining Bigger Voice In Orchestras". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
  7. Anthony Tommasini (29 October 2006). "Conductor Under Fire, Orchestra Under Pressure". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 December 2006.
  8. Peter Dobrin, "Orchestra has some lessons to consider". Philadelphia Inquirer, 29 October 2006.
  9. Peter Culshaw (18 May 2004). "Chemistry lessons". Telegraph. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
  10. Peter Dobrin, "Call it quits: Start search now for a harmonious match." Philadelphia Inquirer, 24 September 2006.
  11. David Patrick Stearns, "Keep him: His personal music-making is a treasure." Philadelphia Inquirer, 24 September 2006.
  12. Baxter, Robert, "Few standing ovations for Eschenbach." Courier-Post, 15 October 2006.
  13. Peter Dobrin, "Eschenbach to bow out in 2008". Philadelphia Inquirer, 21 October 2006.
  14. Peter Dobrin, "Palm Beach overture". Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 April 2005.
  15. Peter Dobrin, "In tune with the task". Philadelphia Inquirer, 30 August 2006.
  16. Letter from The Philadelphia Orchestra Association, 27 October 2006, posted on website 16 November 2006, sent to patrons by e-mail October 2006.
  17. Leslie Kandell (4 October 1998). "A Visiting Orchestra Gets a Taste of Its Future". New York Times. Retrieved 6 January 2007.
  18. Peter Dobrin, "Eschenbach talks of a 'time bomb'". Philadelphia Inquirer, 16 November 2006.
  19. Mark Swed, "A Classic Coup". Los Angeles Times, 21 January 2007.
  20. Peter Dobrin, "Youth takes another podium, in NYC". Philadelphia Inquirer, 19 July 2007.
  21. David Patrick Stearns, "Eschenbach, orchestra to continue relationship". Philadelphia Inquirer, 15 August 2007.
  22. Matthew Westphal (15 August 2007). "Christoph Eschenbach to Maintain Relationship with Philadelphia Orchestra Beyond End of Tenure". Playbill Arts. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
  23. Anne Midgette (25 September 2008). "Christoph Eschenbach to Lead National Symphony". Washington Post. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  24. Anne Midgette (25 September 2011). "Kennedy Center extends Eschenbach's contract; new organ in works". Washington Post. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  25. Anne Midgette (24 March 2014). "Eschenbach extends Kennedy Center, NSO contract for two more seasons". Washington Post. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  26. Anne Midgette (18 February 2015). "Eschenbach's NSO contract to end in 2017; will become conductor laureate". Washington Post. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  27. "Christoph Eschenbach übernimmt den Taktstock". Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.

Further reading
Cultural offices
Preceded by
Herbert Blomstedt		 Principal Conductor, North German Radio Symphony Orchestra
1998–2004		 Succeeded by
Christoph von Dohnányi
Preceded by
Iván Fischer		 Music Director, National Symphony Orchestra
2010–2017		 Succeeded by
Gianandrea Noseda
Preceded by
Leonard Slatkin		 Principal Conductor, Konzerthausorchester Berlin
2019–present		 Succeeded by
incumbent
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