Citharichthys

Citharichthys is a genus of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, C. stampflii off the West African coast. Most are found in relatively shallow depths, but the genus also includes species found in deep water (down to at least 2,000 m or 6,600 ft)[2] and species that enter fresh water.[3][4]

Citharichthys Temporal range: 20–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Miocene to Present[1]
Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Pleuronectiformes
Family:	Paralichthyidae
Genus:	Citharichthys Bleeker, 1862
Type species
Citharichthys cayennensis Bleeker, 1862
Synonyms
Metoponops Gill, 1864 Neoetropus Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928 Orthopsetta Gill, 1862

Various species of sanddab, whiff, and flounder are in this genus, and the most common species is the Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus. They are a dull light-brown, and are mottled with brown or black, sometimes with yellow or orange. The largest species reaches 41 cm (16 in) in length.[5]

Species

The currently recognized species in this genus are:[5][6]

• Citharichthys abbotti C. E. Dawson, 1969 (Veracruz whiff)
• Citharichthys amblybregmatus Gutherz & Blackman, 1970
• Citharichthys arctifrons Goode, 1880 (Gulf Stream flounder)
• Citharichthys arenaceus Evermann & M. C. Marsh, 1900 (sand whiff)
• Citharichthys cornutus (Günther, 1880) (horned whiff)
• Citharichthys darwini Victor & Wellington, 2013 (Darwin's sanddab)[6]
• Citharichthys dinoceros Goode & T. H. Bean, 1886 (spined whiff)
• Citharichthys fragilis C. H. Gilbert, 1890 (Gulf sanddab)
• Citharichthys gilberti O. P. Jenkins & Evermann, 1889 (bigmouth sanddab)
• Citharichthys gnathus Hoshino & Amaoka, 1999
• Citharichthys gordae Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938 (mimic sanddab)
• Citharichthys gymnorhinus Gutherz & Blackman, 1970 (anglefin whiff)
• Citharichthys macrops Dresel, 1885 (spotted whiff)
• Citharichthys mariajorisae van der Heiden & Mussot-Pérez, 1995 (five-rayed sanddab)
• Citharichthys minutus Cervigón, 1982
• Citharichthys platophrys C. H. Gilbert, 1891 (small sanddab)
• Citharichthys sordidus (Girard, 1854) (Pacific sanddab)
• Citharichthys spilopterus Günther, 1862 (bay whiff)
• Citharichthys stampflii (Steindachner, 1894) (smooth flounder)
• Citharichthys stigmaeus D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882 (speckled sanddab)
• Citharichthys surinamensis (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801)
• Citharichthys uhleri D. S. Jorda], 1889 (voodoo whiff)
• Citharichthys valdezi Cervigón, 1986
• Citharichthys xanthostigma C. H. Gilbert, 1890 (longfin sanddab)

References

1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2014). "Citharichthys dinoceros" in FishBase. May 2014 version.
3. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2014). "Citharichthys stampflii" in FishBase. May 2014 version.
4. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2014). "Citharichthys uhleri" in FishBase. May 2014 version.
5. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Citharichthys in FishBase. October 2012 version.
6. Victor, B.C. & Wellington, G.M. (2013): Citharichthys darwini n. sp., a new endemic flatfish from the Galápagos Archipelago (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes: Paralichthyidae). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 6: 19-32.