Closed list
Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can (effectively) only vote for political parties as a whole, and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters have at least some influence, then it is called an open list.
Part of the Politics series |
Electoral Systems |
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In closed list systems, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections,[1] so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not.
However, the candidates "at the water mark" of a given party are in the position of either losing or winning their seat depending on the number of votes the party gets. "The water mark" is the number of seats a specific party can be expected to achieve. The number of seats that the party wins, combined with the candidates' positions on the party's list, will then determine whether a particular candidate will get a seat.
List of locations with closed list proportional representation
Albania[2][3]
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Benin
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Colombia (depending on the party)
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic[4]
East Timor
Equatorial Guinea
Guatemala
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Hong Kong
Iceland
Israel
Italy
Kazakhstan[3]
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia[5]
New Zealand[6][7]
Nicaragua
Niger
North Macedonia
Paraguay
Portugal
Romania[8]
Russia[3]
Rwanda
Serbia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Togo
Tunisia
Turkey
Uruguay
References
- "Open, Closed and Free Lists —". ACE Project. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- "IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Albania". www.electionguide.org. Retrieved 2021-01-02.
- Lundberg, Thomas Carl (22 October 2010). "Post-communism and the abandonment of mixedmember electoral systems" (PDF). University of Glasgow. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- "{title}". Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-11-22. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
- "Elections - GRN Portal". www.ecn.na. Archived from the original on 2018-07-21. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
- In New Zealand, there is open list and closed list voting
- "New Zealand country brief". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
- Filimon, Paul (20 July 2015). "Legea ALEGERILOR PARLAMENTARE pe LISTE, promulgată de Iohannis". România Liberă (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 2017-07-02. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
External links
- Country profiles at IFES
- Open, Closed and Free Lists at Ace Project