Columbia-Moses language
Columbia-Moses, or Columbia-Wenatchi, is a Southern Interior Salish language, also known as Nxaảmxcín. Speakers currently reside on the Colville Indian Reservation
| Columbia-Moses | |
|---|---|
| Columbia-Wenatchi | |
| Nxaảmxcín | |
| Native to | United States of America |
| Region | northern Idaho, eastern Washington |
| Ethnicity | 230 (2000 census)[1] |
Native speakers | 40 (2007)[1] |
Salishan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | col |
| Glottolog | colu1241 |
| ELP | Columbian[2] |
There are two dialects, Columbia (Sinkiuse, Columbian) and Wenatchi (Wenatchee, Entiat, Chelan). Wenatchi is the heritage language of the Wenatchi, Chelan, and Entiat tribes, Columbian of the Sinkiuse-Columbia.
Phonology
Phonology of the Columbia-Wenatchi dialect:
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nor. | lab. | nor. | lab. | nor. | lab. | |||||||
| Plosive | plain | p | t | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | ||||
| glottalized | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | kʷ’ | qʼ | qʷ’ | ||||||
| Affricate | plain | ts | ||||||||||
| glottalized | tsʼ | tɬʼ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | s | ɬ | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | ħ | ħʷ | h | |||
| Nasal | plain | m | n | |||||||||
| glottalized | mˀ | nˀ | ||||||||||
| Trill | plain | r | ||||||||||
| glottalized | rˀ | |||||||||||
| Approximant | plain | w | l | j | ʕ | ʕʷ | ||||||
| glottalized | wˀ | lˀ | jˀ | ʕˀ | ʕʷˀ | |||||||
The three vowels in Columbia-Moses are /i/, /a/, /u/. They are sometimes transcribed as [e]; /i/, [o]; /u/, and [æ]; /a/, and could also tend to sound unstressed, almost as a schwa sound, /ə/.
References
- Columbia-Moses at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Endangered Languages Project data for Columbian.
Further reading
- Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa and Paul Proulx. 2000. "REVIEWS - What's in a Word? Structure in Moses-Columbia Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics. 66, no. 3: 410.
- Kinkade, M. Dale. Dictionary of the Moses-Columbia Language (Nxaảmxcín). Nespelem, Wash: Colville Confederated Tribes, 1981.
- Mattina, Nancy. 2006. "Determiner Phrases in Moses-Columbia Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics. 72, no. 1: 97.
- Willet, Marie Louise. 2003." A Grammatical Sketch of Nxa'amxcin" PhD Thesis, University of Victoria.
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