Communist Party of Western Belorussia

The Communist Party of Western Belorussia (Polish: Komunistyczna Partia Zachodniej Białorusi, KPZB; Belarusian: Камуністычная партыя Заходняй Беларусі, КПЗБ) was a banned political party in the Interwar Poland,[1] active in the territory of present-day West Belarus from 1923 until 1939; in Polesie (1932–1933) Słonim county (1934) and Vilnius.[2]

History

The party was founded in 1923 in Wilno by representatives of the Belarusian communist circles from Wilno, Białystok and Brest with logistical help from the Bolsheviks. Although its name, the Communist Party of Western Belarus, could suggest a desire for independence of Belarus, wrote historian Sergiusz Łukasiewicz, in reality the party advocated transfer of eastern provinces of Poland to the Soviet Union, which constituted high treason. This is why it has been delegalized by the Polish authorities.[2]

Residents of a town in Eastern Poland (now Western Belarus) assembled to greet the arrival of the Red Army during the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. The Russian text reads "Long Live the great theory of Marx, Engels, Lenin-Stalin" and contains a spelling error. Such welcomings were organized by the activists of the Communist Party of West Belarus affiliated with the Communist Party of Poland, delegalized in both countries by 1938.[3]

The party's political program included a socialist revolution in Poland and unification of Western Belorussia with the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR. The party worked undercover; in 1925-1927 it masked its illegal activities under the legal Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union in Poland. It received support from the Soviet Union with leadership brought in secretly from across the border (see Vera Kharuzhaya).[2]

In 1938, following a decision by the Comintern on the orders of Joseph Stalin, the KPZB along with the Communist Party of Poland and the Communist Party of Western Ukraine were delegalized by the USSR under the charge of affiliation with the Polish bourgeoisie.[2][4] Following the Soviet invasion of Poland and the annexation of Western Belarus to the Soviet Union in 1939, many former members of the KPZB were repressed, others joined the Communist Party of Byelorussia, the East Belarusian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.[2][4]

Notable members

• Siarhei Prytytski, future Chairman of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus (1968-1971)
• Branisłaŭ Taraškievič, linguist, writer, later executed by the Soviets in 1938
• Mikalai Dvornikau, commander of the Ukrainian interbrigade company Taras Shevchenko, died in a battle in 1938
• Maksim Tank, future multiple times awarded writer, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus (1965–1971)
• Vera Kharuzhaya, later executed by Nazis in 1942

References

1. Dr. Marek Wierzbicki from the Institute of National Remembrance (2007). Western Belarus in September 1939 – Polish-Jewish Relations in the kresy. Shared History, Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-occupied Poland, 1939-1941 by Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. pp. 138–140. ISBN 978-3865832405. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
2. Sergiusz Łukasiewicz (2012). "High treason. The activity of The Communist Party of Western Belarus in Vilnius in 1930 – 1935" (PDF). Journal of Education, Culture and Society. The Journal of Education, Culture and Society No. 1 / 2012: 1–2 of 12. ISSN 2081-1640. Archived from the original (PDF file, direct download) on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
3. (in Polish) Marek Wierzbicki, Stosunki polsko-białoruskie pod okupacją sowiecką (1939–1941). „Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne" (НА СТАРОНКАХ КАМУНІКАТУ, Biełaruski histaryczny zbornik) 20 (2003), p. 186–188. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
4. Andrew Wilson (2011). Belarus: The Last European Dictatorship (Google Books). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300177589.

• Edwarda Orłowska, Pamiętam jak dziś, Książka i Wiedza, Warsaw 1973. (in Polish)