Congo clawless otter

The Congo clawless otter (Aonyx congicus), also known as the Cameroon clawless otter, is a species of clawless otter in the family Mustelidae.[1][2][3] It was formerly recognised as a subspecies (Aonyx capensis congicus) of the African clawless otter.[4][5]

Not to be confused with Oriental small-clawed otter.

Congo clawless otter
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Genus: Aonyx
Species:
A. congicus
Binomial name
Aonyx congicus
Lönnberg, 1910
Congo clawless otter range

This clawless otter is found in Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and possibly Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Rwanda, or Uganda.[1] Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical mangrove forest, subtropical or tropical swamps, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, intermittent rivers, shrub-dominated wetlands, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, freshwater spring, inland deltas, saline lakes, intermittent saline lakes, saline marshes, intermittent saline marshes, shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, rocky shores, sandy shores, estuarine waters, intertidal flats, intertidal marshes, coastal saline lagoons, coastal freshwater lagoons, water storage areas, ponds, aquaculture ponds, seasonally flooded agricultural land, and canals and ditches. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Very little is known about this species. It is a large otter and found only in the mid-part of Africa, in the tropical belt. It is believed to spend much more time on land than other otters. Congo clawless otters are one of 13 species of otters in the carnivore family Mustelidae. Other members of this family include weasels, wolverines, and ferrets. An individual otter maintains a territory. Otters mark their territories with scent, and fervently patrol and defend their territories.

Description

Congo clawless otters are characterized by only partial webbing (between the toes of their black feet and no webbing on their front feet), and small, blunt, peg-like claws. They have very sensitive forepaws, which they use for foraging. Other otters have fully webbed feet and strong, well-developed claws. Clawless otters have slender, serpentine bodies with dense, luxurious fur and long tails. All otters have been exploited for their thick, velvety fur. Their head and body length measure to be about 600-1,000 mm (24–39 in.), and their tail length is between 400 and 710 mm (16–28 in.). These large otters can weigh between 14 and 34 kg (31 and 75 lb).

Diet

Congo clawless otters feed on fairly soft prey items, such as small land vertebrates, frogs, and eggs.

Reproduction and life span

Reproduction may occur throughout the year. Newborn cubs of A. congicus are white in color and do not reach their adult color of brownish white until about 2 months old. The clawless otter's life span is probably an average of 10–15 years.

Hunting and conservation

Although otters are known to be difficult to catch, they are occasionally hunted for bushmeat and sold for similar prices of other bushmeat. Otter bushmeat is common in Congo and Cameroon but not for Gabon because of its reputation of being dangerous. The myth in Gabon is that otters can give electric shocks when caught with a spear. Otters are also thought to be magical and possess powers that when you catch an otter, skin it, and wear its fur, you are thought to become invisible to an enemy and are able to escape an enemy. The idea comes from the otters ability to escape fish traps. Its fur is also used in Cameroon to make drums.[6]

Species of otters are protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) – a worldwide treaty developed in 1973 to regulate trade in wildlife species. Due to commercial hunting for meat and fur, Congo clawless otter population numbers have undergone severe declines especially in Nigeria and Cameroon.

As with all other African otter species, the IUCN assesses that the Cameroon clawless otter is threatened by the anthropogenic alteration or degradation of riparian and freshwater habitats.[1]

References
  1. Jacques, H.; Reed-Smith, J.; Davenport, C.; Somers, M.J. (2015). "Aonyx congicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T1794A14164772. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  2. "Congo Clawless Otter (Aonyx congicus)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  3. "Aonyx congicus". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  4. Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  5. ITIS Standard Report Page: Aonyx capensis congicus. Itis.gov. Retrieved on 2013-01-10.
  6. Jacques, Hélène; et al. (2009). "The Congo clawless otter (Aonyx congicus) (Mustelidae: Lutrinae): a review of its systematics, distribution and conservation status". African Zoology. 44 (2): 159. doi:10.3377/004.044.0204.
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