Curcuma australasica

Curcuma australasica, the native turmeric or Cape York lily, is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the Zingiberaceae or ginger family.[1]

Native turmeric
Curcuma australasica, native turmeric.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Curcuma
Species:
C. australasica
Binomial name
Curcuma australasica
Hook. f.
Rare white native turmeric
White native turmeric side view

Nomenclature
Curcuma - from the Sanskrit name for turmeric, kuṅkuma.[2]
australasica - for Australian.[3]

Description

Curcuma australasica is the only Australian native of the 100 or more species of Curcuma found world-wide. It occurs on Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, a few areas in the Northern Territory and in Papua New Guinea. It is typically found growing in moist pockets in sandstone areas, and in wet woodland and forest areas. It grows well in containers where it is often cultivated for its very beautiful, long-lasting flower. C. australasica can be propagated by division, and prefers to be well-watered in summer and allowed to dry in winter, in correspondence with Monsoonal patterns.[3][4]

It is grown for its flowers in Zimbabwe, and a cultivated variety called "Aussie Plume" is grown in the US which can grow up to 6 ft (almost 2 metres) tall.[4]

The native form is usually less than 500 mm (20 in) tall, with long green leaves (140-450 x 60–190 mm), pleated. Flowers 15–20 mm, November to March in Queensland, normally yellow on a spike with pink, red, mauve or green bracts.[4] Occasionally a white form is found in the wild - see accompanying photograph.

The Aboriginal Gugu Yimithirr language name is kumbigi. Aboriginal people in the Cape York Peninsula area traditionally roasted and ate the rhizomes of this plant.[3][4]

IUCN Red List status: not evaluated,[5][6] but very common and widespread in Queensland.

References
  1. "Curcuma australasica". The International Plant Names Index.
  2. Tawney, C. H. (1924). The Ocean of Story, chapter 104. p. 13.
  3. Scarth-Johnson (2000). National Treasures: Flowering plants of Cooktown and Northern Australia. Vera Scarth-Johnson Gallery Association. ISBN 0-646-39726-5.
  4. Beasley, John (2009). Plants of Cape York: The Compact Guide. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-9806863-0-2.
  5. "Curcuma australasica". Encyclopedia of Life.
  6. "Turmeric as medicinal plant". Friday, 14 July 2017
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