Custer Creek train wreck

The Custer Creek train wreck (sometimes called the Saugus train wreck) is the worst rail disaster in Montana history. It occurred on June 19, 1938 when a bridge, its foundations washed away by a flash flood, collapsed beneath Milwaukee Road's Olympian as it crossed Custer Creek, near Saugus, Montana, south-west of Terry,[1] killing at least 47 people.

Custer Creek train wreck
Details
DateJune 19, 1938
12.35 a.m.
LocationPrairie County, near Saugus, Montana
CountryUnited States
OperatorMilwaukee Road
Incident typeBridge collapse
CauseCloudburst
Statistics
Trains1
Passengers155
Deaths47
Injured75

Bridge AA-438

The bridge, number AA-438, was 180 feet (55 m) long and had been constructed 25 years earlier. It consisted of two 50-foot (15 m) plate girder spans and five reinforced concrete trestle slab spans carrying the single track across the creek resting on concrete piers. An inspection of the bridge earlier that year had concluded the bridge was in good condition with sufficient rip-rap in place to prevent scouring.[2]

Custer Creek

Custer Creek itself normally runs dry for nine months of the year and had never been known to rise to a depth of more than five feet (1.5 m). But on the night in question a cloudburst deposited an estimated 4 to 7 inches (100 to 180 mm) of rain on the area drained by the creek.[3] The previous train had crossed the bridge at 10:15 p.m. at which point the engineer estimated the water to be about three or four feet (0.91 or 1.22 m) deep. Twenty minutes later, in view of the heavy rainfall experienced the section foreman performed an inspection of the track and estimated the depth of water to be six or seven feet (1.8 or 2.1 m) beneath the level of the girders of the bridge (i.e. around six feet (1.8 m) deep), giving no indication of the trouble to come.[2]

Olympian

The westbound Olympian that night was hauled by Class S-2 4-8-4 No.220[4] and comprised eleven cars. It was traveling from Chicago to Tacoma[5] and carrying 155 passengers[6] when it neared Custer Creek at a speed of 50 mph. There was no water on the track to warn the engineer that beneath was a torrent of water thirty feet (9.1 m) high, battering at the bridge foundations,[7] and no brake application was made.

Wreck

As the Olympian crossed at 12:35 a.m. the bridge collapsed; the engine and seven passenger cars were thrown into the swollen creek[3] On the west bank the locomotive and five cars were "piled in a shambles of crumpled steel",[5] killing the engineer and fireman. The wreck happened so quickly that when the body of the engineer was recovered he was still sitting in his seat with his hand on the throttle.[8] "Two other cars ended up deep in the roaring creek".[5][9] Rescue efforts were mounted by the train crew and uninjured passengers; smashing windows on the partly submerged cars to provide escape routes.[10] Although the official death toll stands at 47,[2] this is an estimate as several bodies were swept into the Yellowstone River,[3] one body being recovered at Glendive 50 miles (80 km) downstream.[11] 75 people were injured. Newspapers reported the paradox that modern air-conditioned rolling stock requiring sealed windows, and the use of shatterproof glass was partially responsible for some deaths[10]

Investigation

The investigation determined that the volume and velocity of water flowing beneath the bridge that night was "much in excess of any that had been experienced before or might be anticipated at this place". The bridge structure was still intact when the train reached it but two of the central piers had been undermined. The weight of the locomotive caused the piers to subside and the bridge to collapse.[2]

References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Visit Terry Montana: Prairie County Museum and Evelyn Cameron Gallery
  2. ICC Investigation No.2278
  3. "Places of Interest : Custer Creek, MT, site of 1938 train wreck (Archived copy)". Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved June 8, 2009. Milwaukee Road Historical Association
  4. "Chicago Milwaukee St Paul & Pacific 4-8-4s". donsdepot.donrossgroup.net. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  5. Life magazine, Vol. 5 No. 1 July 4, 1938. Time Inc. July 4, 1938.
  6. http://montanahistorywiki.pbworks.com/Disasters+in+Montana#1938floodandtrainwreck%5B%5D Disasters in Montana
  7. "Custer Creek, MT Washout Of Trestle Causes Wreck, June 1938 The Ogden Standard Examiner, Utah June 20, 1938". www.gendisasters.com. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  8. Railroad Signatures across the Pacific Northwest by Carlos A. Schwantes, pages 278-279, ISBN 978-0-295-97535-1
  9. "Wanted-Signal to Warn Train Crew of Washout". The Milwaukee Journal. June 26, 1938. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  10. Railroad Wrecks by Edgar A. Haine, p106-7, publ 1993, ISBN 0-8453-4844-2
  11. http://www3.gendisasters.com/montana/2130/custer-creek,-mt-washout-trestle-causes-wreck,-june-1938 Archived November 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine The Billings Gazette, Montana June 23, 1938

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