Dead (musician)
Per Yngve Ohlin (16 January 1969 – 8 April 1991), better known by his stage name Dead and nickname Pelle, was a Swedish metal musician, best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem from 1988 until his death in 1991. Prior to Mayhem, he also performed as vocalist in the Swedish death metal band Morbid. Dead was a popular figure of the Norwegian black metal scene, and his legacy remains prominent in the genre to this day. Roadrunner Records ranked him No. 48 out of 50 of The Greatest Metal Front-Men of All Time.[1]
Dead | |
|---|---|
 Dead (left) with Euronymous | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Per Yngve Ohlin |
| Also known as | Pelle, Dead |
| Born | 16 January 1969 Österhaninge, Stockholm, Sweden |
| Died | 8 April 1991 (aged 22) Kråkstad, Norway |
| Genres | Black metal, death metal, thrash metal |
| Occupation(s) | Musician |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 1986–1991 |
| Associated acts | Mayhem, Morbid |
Dead was known for his morbid personality and obsession with death, which was a direct inspiration for his stage name. He hoarded dead birds, wore shirts with funeral announcements printed on them, and wore corpse paint, being the first in black metal to do so by some accounts. It is believed he did so to present himself as a "corpse on stage," which he accentuated by wounding himself with implements such as glass shards as well as burying clothing into the ground and retrieving them to wear shortly before concert performances.
Acquaintances and peers described Ohlin as difficult to befriend or understand. Already intensely introverted and depressed, Dead's personality and demeanor would only become more withdrawn leading up to his death, a progression marked by such patterns as harming himself offstage among friends and isolating himself for long periods in his bedroom.
Dead committed suicide at the age of 22 on 8 April 1991 by slitting his wrists and throat before finally shooting himself in the forehead with a shotgun.[2] He left a brief suicide note. Controversially, an image from the aftermath was used as the cover of the bootleg live album The Dawn of the Black Hearts.[3][4][5] His death marked a turning point in the history of the Norwegian black metal scene, leading to a wave of erratic behavior by the scene's members.
Early life
Per Ohlin (sometimes called "Pelle") was born in 1969 in Österhaninge, Sweden to parents Anita Forsberg and Felix Ohlin, who divorced soon after his birth.[3] As a young child he suffered from sleep apnea.[6] At the age of ten he suffered internal bleeding when his spleen ruptured after, what he alleged was, an ice skating accident. However, in the Swedish metal book Blod eld död (English: "Blood Fire Death"), his brother Anders Ohlin confessed in an exclusive interview that Dead was frequently bullied in school, and one day he succumbed to a ruptured spleen which was a direct result of a severe beating by bullies.[7] Because of the injury he had to be rushed to a hospital, where he was, for a time, declared clinically dead. After a few years the incident resulted in a fascination with death, and later inspired his stage name.[3][8]
As a teenager he developed a taste for heavy metal and rock music, citing bands like Black Sabbath, Kiss, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, AC/DC, Motörhead, Venom, Metallica, Bathory, Sodom and Mercyful Fate as his favorites.[9] Despite his love for Bathory, he was very displeased after their change in musical style, and consequently referred to Quorthon as "a wimp".[10]
Career
Morbid and Mayhem
In early 1986, he founded the Swedish thrash/death metal group Morbid, with which he recorded a demo tape called December Moon. Disappointed that the band wasn't "going anywhere", he decided to contact members of Mayhem as he was aware the group were in need of a new frontman following vocalist Maniac's departure.[11] According to Mayhem bassist Jørn "Necrobutcher" Stubberud, Dead initially sent the band members a small parcel containing a demo tape, a letter detailing his ideas for the future, and a crucified mouse.[3][8] Although Necrobutcher lost the package itself, he kept the tape which had Dead's contact details. At that point, Dead moved to Norway in early 1988 and became the new official vocalist for Mayhem.[8]
Performances
For concerts, Dead went to great lengths to achieve the image and atmosphere he wished. From the beginning of his career, he was known to wear "corpse paint", which involved covering his face with black and white makeup. According to Necrobutcher, "[i]t wasn't anything to do with the way Kiss and Alice Cooper used makeup. Dead actually wanted to look like a corpse. He didn't do it to look cool".[12] Hellhammer claimed that Dead "was the first black metal musician to use corpse paint,"[13] although Euronymous can be seen wearing corpse paint in footage from a 1985 concert in Ski. To complete his corpse-like image, Dead would bury his stage clothes and dig them up again to wear on the night of a concert.[3][8] According to Hellhammer:
Before the shows, Dead used to bury his clothes into the ground so that they could start to rot and get that grave scent. He was a corpse on a stage. Once he even asked us to bury him in the ground — he wanted his skin to become pale.[13]
During one tour with Mayhem, he found a dead crow and kept it in a plastic bag. He often carried it about with him and would smell the bird before going onstage, to sing "with the stench of death in his nostrils."[12] He would also collect dead geese, and keep them underneath his bed.[3][8]
Dead would cut himself while singing onstage. During a gig in 1990, he slashed his arm with a broken bottle. Faust claims that Dead had to be taken to hospital after the gig, but arrived too late and so "it was no use to give him stitches".[14]
In an interview conducted by Marduk guitarist Morgan Håkansson, and published in the fanzine Slayer, Dead explained how he and the rest of Mayhem would expel poseurs at their concerts. Reciting the events of one particular show, he claimed "Before we began to play there was a crowd of about 300 in there, but in the second song 'Necrolust' we began to throw around those pig heads. Only 50 were left." He and the other members enjoyed this sort of practice; he concluded with "If someone doesn't like blood and rotten flesh thrown in their face they can FUCK OFF, and that's exactly what they do."[15]
Dead also makes a brief appearance in the Candlemass music video "Bewitched".[16]
Personality
In interviews, fellow musicians often described Dead as odd and introverted. Mayhem drummer Jan Axel "Hellhammer" Blomberg described Dead as "a very strange personality […] depressed, melancholic, and dark".[17] Likewise, Mayhem guitarist Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth once said, "I honestly think Dead is mentally insane. Which other way can you describe a guy who does not eat, in order to get starving wounds? Or who has a T-shirt with funeral announcements on it?"[18] Former Mayhem drummer Kjetil Manheim later likened Dead's personality to that of Marvin the Paranoid Android.[8] Some authors have speculated that Dead may have had Cotard delusion, a very rare condition that manifests in believing one's body is not that of a living human but instead a corpse; this theory is supported by a variety of statements from Dead on the subject of his blood and body.
According to Emperor drummer Bård "Faust" Eithun:
[Dead] wasn't a guy you could know very well. I think even the other guys in Mayhem didn't know him very well. He was hard to get close to. I met him two weeks before he died. I'd met him maybe six to eight times, in all. He had lots of weird ideas. I remember Aarseth was talking about him and said he did not have any humor. He did, but it was very obscure. Honestly, I don't think he was enjoying living in this world, which of course resulted in the suicide.[19]
Stian Johannsen ("Occultus"), who briefly took over as vocalist after Dead's suicide, remarked that Dead did not even possess a normal perception of himself:
"He [Dead] didn't see himself as human; he saw himself as a creature from another world. He said he had many visions that his blood has frozen in his veins, that he was dead. That is the reason he took that name. He knew he would die."[20]
According to a longtime pen pal of Ohlin known as "Old Nick", Ohlin disliked technology. He would only ever write letters to himself or others using longhand style, and would never resort to the use of a PC. Old Nick evaluated "technology in general made him [feel] uncomfortable. He just rejected it altogether, finding refuge [instead] in a world made of forests and woodlands."[21] He also had an unusual interest with porphyria due to its connection to the mythology of vampirism.[21]
Self-harm and suicide
Excuse the blood, but I have slit my wrists and neck. It was the intention that I would die in the woods so that it would take a few days before I was possibly found. I belong in the woods and have always done so. No one will understand the reason for this anyway. To give some semblance of an explanation I'm not a human, this is just a dream and soon I will wake. It was too cold and the blood kept clotting, plus my new knife is too dull. If I don't succeed dying to the knife I will blow all the shit out of my skull. Yet I do not know. I left all my lyrics by "Let the good times roll"—plus the rest of the money. Whoever finds it gets the fucking thing. As a last salutation may I present "Life Eternal". Do whatever you want with the fucking thing. / Pelle. I didn't come up with this now, but seventeen years ago.[7]
— Dead's suicide note (translated to English from Swedish)
In time, Dead's social situation and his fascination with death caused his mental state to worsen greatly. He would casually cut himself while in the presence of his friends, who would have to subdue him and patch him up.[8] Although this upset many of his friends, Euronymous grew fascinated with Dead's suicidal ideologies because he felt extreme negativity fit Mayhem's image—and according to them, he encouraged Dead to kill himself.[8][12] Manheim said: "I don't know if Øystein did it out of pure evil or if he was just fooling around."[8]
By 1991, Dead, Euronymous and Hellhammer were living in a house in the woods near Kråkstad, which was used as a place for the band to rehearse. According to Hellhammer, Dead spent much of his time writing letters and drawing. He "just sat in his room and became more and more depressed".[22] Mayhem bassist Necrobutcher said that, after living together for a while, Dead and Euronymous "got on each other's nerves a lot".[3] Hellhammer recalls an anecdote where Dead once retreated outside to sleep in the woods because Euronymous was playing synth music that Dead hated. Euronymous followed and began shooting into the air with a shotgun to further antagonize him.[22] Varg Vikernes of Burzum claims that Dead once stabbed Euronymous with a knife during an altercation.[23] Vikernes also claims to have sent Mayhem ammunition, including shotgun shells, as a Christmas gift, although he claimed those were not the shells Dead used to kill himself, and that he instead saved a "special shell" particularly to be used for his suicide.[24][2]
On 8 April 1991, while left alone in the house,[8] Dead used a hunting knife to slit his wrists and throat, and afterward, shot himself in the forehead with a shotgun.[2] He left a brief suicide note which started by saying, "Excuse the blood...".[3][4][5] His body was found by Euronymous, who had to climb through an open window as the doors were locked and there were no other keys to the house.[8][2][25] Instead of calling the police immediately, he visited a nearby shop to purchase a disposable camera with which he photographed the body, after re-arranging some items he proceeded to call emergency services.[8][2][25] In time, rumors spread that Euronymous had made a stew with bits of Dead's brain and had made necklaces with bits of his skull.[8][26] The band later denied the former rumor, but confirmed that the latter was true.[26] Moreover, Euronymous claimed to have given these necklaces to musicians he deemed worthy,[27] which was confirmed by several other members of the scene, like Bård "Faust" Eithun,[28] Metalion,[29] and Morgan Håkansson.[30]
Euronymous used Dead's suicide to foster Mayhem's "evil" image and claimed Dead had killed himself because black metal had become "trendy" and commercialized.[31] Necrobutcher speculated that taking the pictures and forcing others to see them was a way for Euronymous to cope with the shock of seeing his friend's body.[8][12] After Hellhammer developed the photos, Euronymous initially promised to destroy the pictures, but ultimately did not. He kept them stored inside an envelope at his record shop Helvete.[8] Euronymous sent one of the pictures to the owner of Warmaster Records[8] which resulted in its use as cover art for the bootleg live album The Dawn of the Black Hearts, which was released in 1995.
Ohlin's suicide caused a rift between Euronymous and some of his friends, who were disgusted by his attitude towards Dead before the suicide, and his behavior about his death afterwards. Necrobutcher ended his friendship with Euronymous and left Mayhem.[8] Manheim later speculated that Euronymous had willfully left Dead alone in the house so that he would have a chance to kill himself.[8] Dead's suicide was said to cause "a change in mentality" in the black metal scene and was the first in a string of infamous events carried out by its members.[8][12]
An obituary in a Swedish newspaper stated that Dead's funeral was held at Österhaninge kyrka (Eastern Haninge Church) on Friday 26 April 1991.[32] He was buried at Österhaninge begravningsplats (Eastern Haninge graveyard), located in Stockholm.
The cover of Mayhem's Live in Leipzig contains part of Dead's suicide note: Jag är inte en människa. Det här är bara en dröm, och snart vaknar jag. (Roughly translated: I am not a human being. This is just a dream, and soon I will wake.)
Discography
Ohlin contributed vocals to all of the following:
As a part of Morbid
- Morbid Rehearsal (1987) (Demo album)
- December Moon (1987) (Demo album)
- Live in Stockholm (2000) (Live album)
- Year of the Goat (2011) (Compilation album)
As a part of Mayhem
- Live in Leipzig (1993) (Live album)
- The Dawn of the Black Hearts[33] (1995) (bootleg live album)
- Freezing Moon/Carnage (1996) (Single)
- Out from the Dark (1996) (Demo album)
- Live in Zeitz (2016) (Live album)
- Live in Jessheim (2017) (Live album)
- De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas: The Dead Files (2017) (Compilation album)
- Deathcrush: The Dead Version (2018) (Compilation album)
- Live in Sarpsborg (2019) (Live album)
Split albums
References
- Rosen, Jeremy (12 July 2011). "The Greatest Metal Front-Men of All Time". Roadrunner Records. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
- Aaron Aites (director, producer), Audrey Ewell (director, producer) (2009). Until the Light Takes Us (motion picture). Variance Films.
- Stefan Rydehed (director) (2008). Pure Fucking Mayhem (motion picture). Index Verlag.
- Lords of Chaos, p. 62.
- Freyja (19 March 2010). "The 'True' History of Black Metal – 2 of 4". Raginpit Magazine. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
- "Biographie". PerYngveOhlin.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- Johannesson, Ika; Klingberg, Jon (2011). Blod Eld Död [Blood Fire Death] (in Swedish). Alfabeta. ISBN 9789150113341.
- Martin Ledang (director), Pål Aasdal (director) (2007). Once Upon a Time in Norway (motion picture). Another World Entertainment.
- "Interview with Dead". Deadfrommayhem.ru. Archived from the original on 26 September 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- Letters From the Dead: In Memory of Pelle Ohlin (1969-1991) (Page 9)
- Hammer, Jonathan Selzer2017-10-25T13:58:00 297Z Metal. "Ex-Mayhem/Skitliv frontman Maniac resurrects his seminal Damage Inc fanzine". Metal Hammer Magazine. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
- Campion, Chris (20 February 2005). "In the Face of Death". The Observer. Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 6 October 2007.
- "Hellhammer interviewed by Dmitry Basik (June 1998)". Archived from the original on 19 February 2008.
- Lords of Chaos, p. 53.
- Evil: Mayhem. In: Jon Kristiansen: Metalion: The Slayer Mag Diaries. Brooklyn, NY: Bazillion Points Books 2011, p. 290.
- "Candlemass – Bewitched" (music video). YouTube. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- "Lords of Chaos (1998): Hellhammer interview". TheTrueMayhem.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- "Morbid Magazine No. 8: Euronymous interview". TheTrueMayhem.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- Lords of Chaos, p. 54.
- Moynihan & Søderlind 2003, p. 59
- "Mayhem Vocalist Dead Is Brought Back to Life Through a New Collection of His Letters". Vice.
- Lords of Chaos, p. 52.
- Lords of Chaos, p. 57.
- Lords of Chaos, p. 58.
- Lords of Chaos, p.49
- Dome, Michael (2007). Murder Music: Black Metal (motion picture). Rockworld TV.
- Sam Dunn (director) (2005). Metal: A Headbanger's Journey (motion picture). Seville Pictures.
- Lords of Chaos, p. 55.
- Kristiansen, p. 219.
- Enrico Ahlig: Marduk-Gitarrist besitzt Leichenteile von Dead. Hirn und Knochen an einem sicheren Ort, 5 June 2012, accessed on 10 September 2013.
- Lords of Chaos, pp. 59–60.
- "Dead's gallery" (image). PerYngveOhlin.com. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- The original pressing has "The" in the title.
Works cited
- Moynihan, Michael; Søderlind, Didrik (2003) [1998]. Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground (revised and expanded ed.). Feral House.
