Directors Guild of America

The Directors Guild of America (DGA) is an entertainment guild that represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States motion picture industry and abroad. Founded as the Screen Directors Guild in 1936, the group merged with the Radio and Television Directors Guild in 1960 to become the modern Directors Guild of America.[6]

Directors Guild of America
Founded1936 (1936)
Members18,000 [1]
Key peopleThomas Schlamme, President[2]

Vincent Misiano, National Vice President
Michael Apted (now dead), Secretary-Treasurer[3]

Russell Hollander, National Executive Director[4][5]
Office location7920 Sunset Boulevard
Los Angeles, CA 90046
CountryUnited States
Websitewww.dga.org

Overview
Total membership (US records)[7]
Finances (US records; ×$1000)[7]
     Assets      Liabilities      Receipts      Disbursements

As a union that seeks to organize an individual profession, rather than multiple professions across an industry, the DGA is a craft union. It represents directors and members of the directorial team (assistant directors, unit production managers, stage managers, associate directors, production associates, and location managers (in New York and Chicago)); that representation includes all sorts of media, such as film, television, documentaries, news, sports, commercials and new media.

The guild has various training programs whereby successful applicants are placed in various productions and can gain experience working in the film or television industry.

As of 2020, the guild had more than 18,000 members.[1] The DGA headquarters are on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, with satellite offices in New York and Chicago and coordinating committees in San Francisco, Chicago, and London.

Composition

According to DGA's Department of Labor records, the guild's reported membership classifications currently account for 1,532 "retirees" (about 10% of total membership), 323 "suspended" members (2%), and 5 "life" members (<1%), compared to 13,577 "active" members. "Suspended" members pay dues but are ineligible to vote in the union. DGA contracts also cover some non-members, known as agency fee payers. These non-members currently number 172, or about 1% of the size of the union's membership.[8]

Labor agreements

The agreements signed between the guild and film and television production companies make various stipulations covering pay and working conditions for guild members and require that all those employed in the relevant fields on a film made by that company are guild members. Guild members are generally prevented from working for companies that have not signed an agreement with the DGA. This sometimes leads production companies that have no such agreement to form new companies, purely for the purpose of making a particular film, which do then sign an agreement with the DGA.

The Guild enters into negotiations with the AMPTP, the organization that represents the studios, networks and production companies, approximately every three years to update and renew the Basic Agreement[9] and the Freelance Live and Tape Television Agreement,[10] the DGA's two major agreements. The DGA negotiates minimum compensation levels that must be paid by the companies. Many DGA members have agents who may negotiate rates above the minimums for their clients. The DGA agreements also secure residual payments for the reuse of members’ work in film, television and new media.

Other than wages and basic working conditions, the DGA has a particular role in protecting the creative rights of film and TV directors. Such protections that the guild provides include defining the director's role, ensuring, with examples, the principle of "one director to a picture" and the right to prepare a director's cut or edit. Generally, each of these protections is to help offset the power that producers can have over a director during the film-making process.

DGA Awards
Main article: Directors Guild of America Award

The DGA hosts the annual DGA Awards, an important precursor to the Academy Awards.[11] In its 69-year history, the DGA Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Feature Film has been a near perfect barometer for both the Best Director, and in some cases, the Best Picture Academy Award. Only seven times has the DGA Award winner not won the corresponding Best Director Academy Award.[12] Honorees are awarded with a statue manufactured by Society Awards.

Credits

The rule that a film can only have one single director was adopted to preserve the continuity of a director's vision and to avoid producers and actors lobbying for a director's credit, or studios hiring multiple directors for a single film or television episode.

The rule is waived only for directorial teams recognized by the DGA who have a history of working together and sharing a common vision. Examples include The Wachowskis, Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris, Hughes brothers, Russo Brothers, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller and the Coen brothers.[13] The Coens for years divided credit, with Ethan taking producing credit, Joel taking directing credit, and both of them sharing the writing credit (even though the two of them shared all three duties between themselves) until The Ladykillers in 2004.

An example of the DGA refusing to recognize a directorial team was Robert Rodriguez and Frank Miller for Sin City; they were rejected because they had never worked together before; Rodriguez quit the DGA so that Miller would share director's credit.[13]

For the film Bohemian Rhapsody, director Bryan Singer was fired due to frequent absences and clashing on the set, with Dexter Fletcher replacing him with two weeks left of filming. Singer still received director credit and Fletcher received executive producer credit.

In the past, the DGA has also engaged in disputes with the Writers Guild of America (WGA) over possessory credits, first used in the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation. The WGA tried to limit possessory credits to writers, but has always been successfully opposed by the DGA, leaving directors free to try to negotiate such credits if they wish.[14]

Non-member directors

Not all Hollywood directors are DGA members. Notable exceptions include George Lucas and Robert Rodriguez.[13] Quentin Tarantino directed six feature films before becoming a DGA member, in 2012.[15] Those who are not members of the guild are unable to direct for the larger movie studios, which are signatories to the guild's agreements that all directors must be guild members.[13]

Leadership
Directors Guild of America building on Sunset Boulevard.
DGA building, Midtown Manhattan

Thomas Schlamme has been president of the DGA since 2017.[16] The following are the past Presidents of the Screen Directors Guild and the DGA:

See also

References
  1. "Directors Guild of America". About.
  2. "Thomas Schlamme Elected DGA President: National Board and Officers Chosen". Directors Guild of America. 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2017-07-05.
  3. McNary, Dave (January 30, 2012). "Apted takes DGA post after interim stint". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  4. "Russell Hollander Succeeds Jay D. Roth as DGA National Executive Director". Directors Guild of America. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  5. "Russ Hollander Officially Takes Over As DGA National Executive Director". Deadline. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  6. Dawes, Amy (2011). "A More Perfect Union". DGA Quarterly. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  7. US Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards. File number 000-018. (Search)
  8. US Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards. File number 000-018. Report submitted March 27, 2014.
  9. "DGA Basic Agreement". DGA Website. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
  10. "DGA Freelance Live and Tape Television Agreement". DGA Website. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
  11. Susan King, "Woody Allen, Martin Scorsese receive nominations for DGA Award", Los Angeles Times, January 9, 2012
  12. Scott Feinberg, "With DGA Win, 'The Artist' and Its Artist Look Virtually Unstoppable at Oscars", The Hollywood Reporter, January 29, 2012
  13. "Why Not Quit the Directors Guild? What Robert Rodriguez can and can't do". Slate. April 8, 2005. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
  14. Directors Guild of America Magazine, Possessory Credit Timeline Archived August 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, 28(6), February 2004
  15. "Membership Report - West Coast Additions" DGA Monthly Magazine, January 2012
  16. "Thomas Schlamme Elected DGA President: National Board and Officers Chosen". Directors Guild of America. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  17. Matthew, Jacobs (June 26, 2013). "Directors Guild Of America Elects Paris Barclay First Black, Openly Gay President". Huffington Post.
  18. "Thomas Schlamme Elected Directors Guild President – Complete Election Results". Deadline. 2017-06-24. Retrieved 5 July 2017.

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