Dominican Party
The Dominican Party (Spanish: Partido Dominicano, PD) was the de facto only political party in the Dominican Republic during the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo, who ruled the country from 1930 to 1961. Its symbol was a palm tree.
Dominican Party Partido Dominicano | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | PD |
| Leader | Rafael Trujillo |
| Founder | Rafael Trujillo |
| Founded | August 2, 1931 |
| Dissolved | January 6, 1962 |
| Preceded by | Patriotic Coalition of Citizens |
| Headquarters | Ciudad Trujillo, Distrito Nacional |
| Newspaper | HIN: The Voice of the Dominican Party (Spanish: La Voz Del Partido Dominicano) |
| Ideology | Trujillism[1][2] National conservatism Right-wing populism Authoritarianism Factions: Fascism |
| Political position | Right-wing to far-right |
| Colors | Brown, Green[3] |
History
The Dominican Party was founded on 2 August 1931, a year after Trujillo came to power. It was an outgrowth of the "Patriotic Coalition of Citizens" that supported Trujillo's run for president. Soon afterward, it was proclaimed to be the only legal party.
On 16 August 1935, the HIN radio station, known as "The Voice of the Dominican Party", was opened. It was dedicated to serving as the media propagator of the activities of the Dominican Party.
The insignia of the Party had a motto that coincided with Trujillo's initials:
- Rectitud (Righteousness) = Rafael
- Libertad (Freedom; Liberty) = Leonidas
- Trabajo (Work; Labour; Job) = Trujillo.
Later, he added: Moralidad (Morality) = Molina.
Officially, Trujillo was only president from 1930 until 1938 and from 1942 until 1952, and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1953 until 1961. However, for 30 years he held the real power as leader of the Dominican Party and Generalissimo of the Dominican Army. In these roles, he was able to ensure that when he was not actually president, the position was held by family members or politicians allied to him: Jacinto Peynado (President from 1938 until 1940), Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha (President from 1940 until 1942), his brother Hector (President from 1952 until 1960), and Joaquín Balaguer (took office as president in 1960; was president at the time of Trujillo's death). In this way, for the 31 years of his rule, he was able to maintain all governing power in the nation while appearing to be honorable and only hold power for 18 years.
All adult citizens of the Dominican Republic were required to be members of the party. They needed to carry "[the] three strikes" (Spanish: "los tres golpes")
- Personal Identity Card
- Compulsory Military Service Card
- Dominican Party Membership Card, popularly known as "La Palmita"
The party had no real ideology other than support for Trujillo. It lingered for a brief time after Trujillo's assassination in 1961. However, it was apparent there was no place for the party in the more open society, and it was finally wound up in January 1962.
At various times, Trujillo allowed other political parties to coexist. However, this was done only to impress foreign observers that democratization was progressing, and to allow Trujillo to monitor opponents.[4]
Electoral history
Presidential elections
| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1934 | Rafael Trujillo | 256,423 | 100% | Elected  |
| 1938 | Jacinto Peynado | 319,680 | 100% | Elected |
| 1942 | Rafael Trujillo | 581,937 | 100% | Elected |
| 1947 | 781,389 | 93% | Elected | |
| 1952 | Héctor Trujillo | 1,098,816 | 100% | Elected |
| 1957 | 1,265,681 | 100% | Elected |
Congressional elections
| Election | Party leader | Chamber of Deputies | Senate | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Seats | +/– | Position | ||
| 1934 | Rafael Trujillo | 256,423 | 100% | 31 / 31 |
 31 |
1st |
12 / 12 |
12 |
1st |
| 1938 | 319,680 | 100% | Unknown | 13 / 13 |
1 |
 1st | |||
| 1942 | 581,937 | 100% | 35 / 35 |
1st |
16 / 16 |
3 |
1st | ||
| 1947 | 781,389 | 93% | 45 / 45 |
10 |
1st |
19 / 19 |
3 |
1st | |
| 1952 | 1,098,816 | 100% | 50 / 50 |
5 |
1st |
22 / 22 |
3 |
1st | |
| 1957 | 1,265,681 | 100% | 58 / 58 |
8 |
1st |
23 / 23 |
1 |
1st | |
See also
- National Unity Party, the ruling party of neighboring Haiti under the Duvalier dynasty between 1957–1986.
References
- Jesus Colon (February 1993). The Way It Was and Other Writings. Acosta-Belén & Korrol.
- Alex von Tunzelmann (2011). Red Heat: Conspiracy, Murder and the Cold War in the Caribbean. Henry Holt and Company.
- The Palm Tree was the only coloured thing in the manifestos.
- Crassweller RD. Trujillo. The Life and Times of a Caribbean Dictator. The MacMillan Co, New York (1966). p. 375.
Sources
- La Enciclopedia Dominicana En Línea