Ectocarpus

Ectocarpus is a genus of filamentous brown alga that is a model organism for the genomics of multicellularity.[1] Among possible model organisms in the brown algae, Ectocarpus was selected for the relatively small size of its mature thallus and the speed with which it completes its life cycle.[2][3] The type species for the genus is Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye.[4]

Ectocarpus
E. siliculosus, from the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890-1907)
Scientific classification
Clade: SAR
Phylum: Ochrophyta
Class: Phaeophyceae
Order: Ectocarpales
Family: Ectocarpaceae
Genus: Ectocarpus
Lyngbye 1819

List of species

Some currently accepted species of Ectocarpus include:

  • Ectocarpus acanthophorus Kützing
  • Ectocarpus acutoramulis Noda
  • Ectocarpus acutus Setchell & N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus adriaticus Ercegovic
  • Ectocarpus affinis Setchell & N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus aleuticus Kützing
  • Ectocarpus auratus Bory de Saint-Vincentex Kützing
  • Ectocarpus balakrishnanii V.Krishnamurthy
  • Ectocarpus barbadensis Kuckuck
  • Ectocarpus berteroanus Montagne
  • Ectocarpus bombycinus Kützing
  • Ectocarpus borealis (Kjellman) Kjellman
  • Ectocarpus bracchiolus Lindauer
  • Ectocarpus brachiatus (Smith) S.F.Gray
  • Ectocarpus brevicellularis Noda
  • Ectocarpus caliacrae Celan
  • Ectocarpus capensis Kützing
  • Ectocarpus caspicus Henckel
  • Ectocarpus chantransioides Setchell & N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus chapmanii Lindauer
  • Ectocarpus chnoosporae Børgesen
  • Ectocarpus cladosiphonae Noda
  • Ectocarpus clavifer J.Agardh
  • Ectocarpus commensalis Setchell & N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus commixtus Noda
  • Ectocarpus confusiphyllus Noda
  • Ectocarpus congregatus Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus constanciae Hariot
  • Ectocarpus corticulatus De A.Saunders
  • Ectocarpus crouanii Thuret
  • Ectocarpus crouaniorum Thuret
  • Ectocarpus cryptophilus Børgesen
  • Ectocarpus cymosus Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus cystophylloides Noda
  • Ectocarpus dellowianus Lindauer
  • Ectocarpus denudatus P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
  • Ectocarpus dictyoptericola Noda
  • Ectocarpus distortus Carmichael
  • Ectocarpus divergens Kornmann
  • Ectocarpus ensenadanus N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus erectus Kützing
  • Ectocarpus exiguus Skottsberg
  • Ectocarpus exilis Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus falklandicus Skottsberg
  • Ectocarpus fasciculatus Harvey
  • Ectocarpus fenestroides P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
  • Ectocarpus flagelliferus Setchell & N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus flagelliformis Kützing
  • Ectocarpus fructuosus Setchell & N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus fulvescens Schousboe ex Thuret
  • Ectocarpus fungiformis Oltmanns
  • Ectocarpus fusiformis Nagai
  • Ectocarpus giraudiae J.Agardh ex William M. Wilson
  • Ectocarpus glaziovii Zeller
  • Ectocarpus gonodioides Setchell & N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus hamulosus Harvey & J.W.Bailey
  • Ectocarpus hancockii E.Y.Dawson
  • Ectocarpus heterocarpus P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
  • Ectocarpus hornericola Noda
  • Ectocarpus humilis Kützing
  • Ectocarpus intermedius Kützing
  • Ectocarpus isopodicola E.Y.Dawson
  • Ectocarpus kellneri Meneghini
  • Ectocarpus kjellmanioides Noda
  • Ectocarpus laminariae Noda
  • Ectocarpus laurenciae Yamada
  • Ectocarpus lepasicola Noda
  • Ectocarpus macrocarpus Harvey
  • Ectocarpus macrocarpus P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
  • Ectocarpus minor Noda
  • Ectocarpus minutissimus Skottsberg & Levring
  • Ectocarpus minutulus Montagne
  • Ectocarpus mitchellioides Noda
  • Ectocarpus monzensis Noda & Konno
  • Ectocarpus multifurcus Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus myurus Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus natans Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus niigatensis Noda
  • Ectocarpus nitens De Notaris
  • Ectocarpus oblongatus Noda
  • Ectocarpus obovatus Foslie
  • Ectocarpus obtusocarpus P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
  • Ectocarpus obtusus Noda
  • Ectocarpus parvulus Kützing
  • Ectocarpus pectenis Ercegović
  • Ectocarpus penicillatus (C.Agardh) Kjellman
  • Ectocarpus plasticola Noda
  • Ectocarpus plumosus Noda
  • Ectocarpus polysiphoniae Noda
  • Ectocarpus pumilus Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus radicans Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus rallsiae Vickers
  • Ectocarpus ramentaceus Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus rotundatoapicalis Noda & Honda
  • Ectocarpus rudis Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus rufulus Kützing
  • Ectocarpus rufus (Roth) C.Agardh
  • Ectocarpus sadoensis Noda
  • Ectocarpus sargassicaulinus Noda
  • Ectocarpus sargassiphyllus Noda
  • Ectocarpus saxatilis Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus scytosiphonae Noda
  • Ectocarpus shiiyaensis Noda
  • Ectocarpus shimokitaensis Ohta
  • Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye
  • Ectocarpus simpliciusculus C.Agardh
  • Ectocarpus simulans Setchell & N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus sonorensis E.Y.Dawson
  • Ectocarpus sphaericus Ohta
  • Ectocarpus strigosus Zanardini
  • Ectocarpus tamarinii Børgesen
  • Ectocarpus taoniae Setchell & N.L.Gardner
  • Ectocarpus tappiensis Ohta
  • Ectocarpus tasshaensis Noda
  • Ectocarpus trichophorus H.Gran
  • Ectocarpus tsugaruensis Ohta
  • Ectocarpus variabilis Vickers
  • Ectocarpus venetus Kützing
  • Ectocarpus vungtauensis P.H. Hô
  • Ectocarpus yezoensis Yamada & Tanaka
  • Ectocarpus zonariae W.R.Taylor
  • Ectocarpus zosterae Noda & Ohta

References
  1. Cock, J.M.; et al. (2010). "The Ectocarpus genome and the independent evolution of multicellularity in brown algae". Nature. 465: 617–621. doi:10.1038/nature09016.
  2. Peters, A.F.; Marie, D.; Scornet, D.; Kloareg, B.; Cock, J.M. (2004). "Proposal of Ectocarpus siliculosus (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) as a model organism for brown algal genetics and genomics". Journal of Phycolology. 40: 1079–1088.
  3. Dieter G. Müller, Markus Kapp, Rolf Knippers, Viruses in Marine Brown Algae, In: Karl Maramorosch, Frederick A. Murphy and Aaron J. Shatkin, Editor(s), Advances in Virus Research, Academic Press, 1998, Volume 50, Pages 49-67, ISSN 0065-3527, ISBN 9780120398508, doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60805-2.
  4. AlgaeBase

Further reading

Ahmed, Sophia; Cock, J. Mark; Pessia, Eugenie (8 September 2014). "A Haploid System of Sex Determination in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus sp". Current Biology. 24 (17): 1945–1957. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.07.042. PMID 25176635.

Prigent, Sylvian (10 October 2014). "The genome-scale metabolic network of Ectocarpus siliculosus (EctoGEM): a resource to study brown algal physiology and beyond". Plant Journal. 80 (2): 367–381. doi:10.1111/tpj.12627. PMID 25065645.

The life history is an isomorphic to slightly heteromorphic alternation of generations, but asexual strains also exist.

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