Eichler system

A system of plant taxonomy, the Eichler system was the first phylogenetic (phyletic) or evolutionary system.[1][2] It was developed by August W. Eichler (1839–1887), initially in his Blüthendiagramme (1875–1878) and then in successive editions of his Syllabus (1876–1890).[3][4][5] After his death his colleague Adolf Engler (1844–1930) continued its development, and it became widely accepted.

A. W. Eichler

The system was based on dividing the plant kingdom into those plants with concealed reproductive organs (non-floral), the (Cryptogamae, = hidden reproduction) and those with visible reproductive organs (floral), the (Phanerogamae, = visible reproduction).[6] Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae.[7] His primary ranks were Divisions (Abtheilung), followed by orders (Reihe).

Blüthendiagramme (1875–1878)

Volume I (1875)

Contents pp. VI–VIII
Synopsis:

  • Division I Gymnospermae p. 54
  • Division II Monocotyledoneae p. 73
  • Division III Dicotyledoneae p. 187 (part)

Volume II (1878)

Contents pp. V–VIII
Synopsis:

  • Division III Dicotyledoneae p. 187 (continued)

Syllabus (Fourth edition 1886)

The system (here taken from the 4th edition of the Syllabus, 1886) divides plants into divisions, classes and groups. Groups were further divided into orders.

  • Note: ranks translated into Latin
Adolf Engler
German Botanical Ranks
GermanLatinEnglish
AbteilungdivisioDivision
UnterabteilungsubdivisioSubdivision
KlasseclassisClass
ReiheordoOrder
UnterreihesubordoSuborder
Fam.familiaFamily
Unterfam.subfamiliaSubfamily
GruppetribusTribe
GattunggenusGenus
ArtspeciesSpecies

Outline: p. 6.[8] Page numbers refer to text

Class Monocotyleae

See also

References

Bibliography

Works by Eichler

  • Eichler, August W. (1875). Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert. 2 vols [Floral diagrams]. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  • Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel 1876.

Other

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