El Atazar Dam

El Atazar Dam is an arch dam built near Madrid, Spain on the Lozoya River, very close to where the Lozoya joins the Jarama. The curved design of the dam is optimum for the narrow gorge in which it was built to retain water in the reservoir. Arch dams are thin and require less material to construct than other dam types.[1]

El Atazar Dam
The dam in 2014
CountrySpain
LocationCommunity of Madrid
Coordinates40°54′44″N 3°28′24″W
StatusCompleted
Construction began1968
Dam and spillways
Height (foundation)134 m (440 ft)
Length52.3 m (171.6 ft)
Reservoir
CreatesEl Atazar Reservoir
Total capacity426 hm3 (1.50×1010 cu ft)
Surface area10.7 km²
The reservoir

When the dam was built, the decision was made to use the dam to store and regulate water only and not to provide energy. Construction started on the dam in 1968 and finished in 1972.

Design

The dam is 134 m (440 ft) high and 52.3 m (171.6 ft) wide at the foundation. The reservoir capacity is 424,000,000 m3 (344,000 acre feet). It is a double curvature concrete arch buttress design.[2]

Problems

Monitoring of the dam revealed abnormal movement. Although dams normally move, the left side of the El Atazar Dam was moving more than the right because a support built on the dam's right made that side less flexible. In 1977 a crack was noticed in the dam. By 1979 the crack had grown to 46 m (150 ft) in length and was repaired. Inspection in 1983 revealed that the settling in the foundations and the movements of the dam had caused fracturing in the rock, resulting in significantly increasing the foundation's permeability. The crack has been treated and since then the problems have abated.[3]

Power plant

The dam supports a hydroelectric power plant with a nameplate capacity of 9,56 MW. Its annual generation lies between 18,66 (2012) and 44,49 (1998) GWh. The power station contains 2 Francis turbine-generators with 4,78 MW (5,4 MVA) each. The turbine rotation is 500 rpm. The hydraulic head is 56 m. Maximum flow per turbine is 8 m³/s.[4]

Notes
  1. "Dam basics". PBS. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
  2. "El Atazar Background". Archived from the original on 2006-12-30. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
  3. "El Atazar Problem". Sim Science. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  4. "LAS ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES EN LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID" (PDF) (in Spanish). www.fenercom.com. p. 57, 255–256. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
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