Elections in Fiji

Fiji has held 12 general elections, 10 for the House of Representatives since becoming independent of the United Kingdom in 1970; there had been numerous elections under colonial rule, but only one with universal suffrage (in 1966) and 2 for the Parliament of Fiji since the establishment of the 2013 constitution. In this period, Fiji has had four constitutions, and the voting system has changed accordingly.

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Suffrage and representation

The Legislative Council elected in 1963 had 37 members. There were 12 elected members, four from each of the Fijian, Indian and European groups chosen on a communal franchise. The Governor also nominated two from each of the communities. There were to be 19 official members. The Legislative Councillors of each race were permitted to select two from their fellows to the Executive Council. Qualifications to register as a voter were as follows:

  1. British subject
  2. Age of 21 years or over
  3. Resident in the colony for a period of, or periods amounting in the aggregate of, not less than twelve months out of the preceding three years.
  4. Ability to read and write a simple sentence and sign one’s name in the English language in the case of a European, in either English or Fijian in the case of a Fijian, and for an Indian either in English, Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, Gurmukhi, Gujarati or Malayalam. "European" and "Indian" were defined as a person whose father or any of whose male progenitors in the male line was a European or Indian, respectively, while a "Fijian" was defined as "a person whose father or any of whose progenitors in the male line ... was an aboriginal native of the colony, excluding the island of Rotuma and its dependencies."

These definitions firstly disallowed an illiterate adult to vote, secondly permitted some people to choose between ethnic rolls and thirdly made no provision for Rotumans, non-Fijian Pacific Islanders and Chinese to vote.

The Legislative Council elected in 1966 had 36 members. Twenty-five seats represented communal constituencies (nine indigenous Fijians, nine Indians, and seven General Electors (Europeans, Chinese, and other minorities), elected on closed electoral rolls by voters registered as members of their respective ethnic groups. A further nine members were elected from national constituencies – seats allocated ethnically (three for each ethnic constituency) but elected by universal suffrage. The remaining two members were nominated by the Great Council of Chiefs.

  • From 1972 through 1987, the House of Representatives had 52 members. Of these, 22 were allocated to indigenous Fijians and another 22 to Indo-Fijians; a further eight were allocated to General Electors (Europeans, Chinese, and other minorities). Of the 22 seats allocated each to indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians, 12 were elected from Communal constituencies and 10 from National constituencies. Of the eight seats allocated to General Electors, three were elected from a communal roll and 5 from national constituencies. All members represented single-member constituencies, and were elected by the First past the post system. In the same period, the newly established Senate had 22 members (eight nominated by the Great Council of Chiefs (of whom any three held the power of veto over changes to the country's land laws), seven by the Prime Minister, six by the Leader of the Opposition, and one by the Council of Rotuma).
  • In 1992 and 1994, the House of Representatives had 70 members. Thirty-seven seats were allocated to indigenous Fijians, 27 to Indo-Fijians, one to Rotuman Islanders, and 5 to General Electors. All were elected from communal rolls; that is, all members were elected only by voters registered as belonging to their own ethnic group. The First past the post system remained in effect. The Senate in this time had 34 members (24 nominated by the Great Council of Chiefs and 1 by the Council of Rotuma; a further 9 were appointed by the President to represent non-indigenous Fijians).
  • From 1999 onwards, the House of Representatives had 71 members. Twenty-five represented open electorates; these members were elected by universal suffrage and could belong to any race. The remaining 46 seats were communal, with 23 being allocated to indigenous Fijians, 19 to Indo-Fijians, one to Rotuman Islanders, and three to General Electors. Instant run-off voting was adopted for these elections. The Senate had 32 members (14 nominated by the Great Council of Chiefs, nine by the Prime Minister, eight by the Leader of the Opposition, and one by the Council of Rotuma).

Latest elections
Main article: 2018 Fijian general election

1966-2006

Note: The following statistics show the number of seats in the House of Representatives won by particular political parties in general elections from 1966 to 2006. The Year at the top of each column links to a main article about the election held that year.

Party1966197203/197709/19771982198719921994199920012006
All Nationals Congress Party------11---
Christian Democratic Alliance--------30-
Conservative Alliance---------6-
Alliance Party273324362824-----
Fijian Association Party-------5110-
Fijian Nationalist Party--1---2----
Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei------3633800
Fiji Labour Party------137372731
General Voters Party------44---
National Federation Party919261522-1420010
NFP/FLP coalition-----28-----
Nationalist Vanua Tako Lavo Party--------100
New Labour Unity Party---------2-
Party of National Unity--------400
United General Party--------212
Western United Front----2------
Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua---------3236
Independents--1-----522
TOTAL3652525252527070717171

2014-2018

Note: The following statistics show the number of seats in the Parliament of Fiji won by particular political parties in general elections since 2014.

Party20142018
FijiFirst 32 27
Fiji Labour Party 0 0
Fiji United Freedom Party 0 -
HOPE - 0
National Federation Party 3 3
One Fiji Party 0 -
People's Democratic Party 0 -
Social Democratic Liberal Party 15 21
Independents 0 -
TOTAL 50 51

See also

References
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