Elio de Angelis

Elio de Angelis (26 March 1958 – 15 May 1986) was an Italian racing driver who participated in Formula One between 1979 and 1986, racing for the Shadow, Lotus and Brabham teams. He was killed in an accident while testing the Brabham BT55 at the Paul Ricard circuit, near the commune of Le Castellet, France, in 1986. De Angelis was a very competitive and highly popular presence in Formula One during the 1980s, and is sometimes referred to as Formula One's "last gentleman player".[1]

Elio de Angelis

De Angelis at the 1982 Dutch Grand Prix
Born	26 March 1958 Rome, Italy
Died	15 May 1986 (aged 28) Marseille, France
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	Italian
Active years	1979–1986
Teams	Shadow, Lotus, Brabham
Entries	109 (108 starts)
Championships	0
Wins	2
Podiums	9
Career points	122
Pole positions	3
Fastest laps	0
First entry	1979 Argentine Grand Prix
First win	1982 Austrian Grand Prix
Last win	1985 San Marino Grand Prix
Last entry	1986 Monaco Grand Prix
British Formula One Championship career
Active years	1978
Races	1
Championships	0
Wins	0
Podium finishes	1
Career points	12
Pole positions	0
Fastest laps	0

Early life

De Angelis was born in Rome. His father Giulio was an inshore and offshore powerboat racer who won many world championships in the 1960s and 1970s.

After a brief spell with karts, de Angelis went on to win the Italian Formula Three Championship in 1977. In 1978 he raced in Formula Two for Minardi and then for the ICI British F2 Team, he also competed in one round of the British Formula One championship and won the prestigious Monaco F3 race.

Formula One

At the end of the 1977 season, de Angelis was on Enzo Ferrari's short list to replace Niki Lauda. De Angelis successfully tested the Ferrari at the Fiorano circuit but eventually Ferrari decided to hire Gilles Villeneuve.[2] De Angelis's debut Formula One season was in 1979 with Shadow. He finished seventh in his maiden Grand Prix in Argentina and 15th in the championship with three points.

De Angelis's performance with Shadow caught the eye of Lotus boss Colin Chapman, who hired him to partner Mario Andretti in 1980. At the age of 21, de Angelis nearly became the youngest Grand Prix winner of all time when he finished second at the Brazilian Grand Prix, run at the Interlagos circuit.

De Angelis driving for Lotus at the 1981 British Grand Prix.

His first victory came in the 1982 Austrian Grand Prix at the Österreichring, 0.05 seconds ahead of the Williams of eventual 1982 World Champion Keke Rosberg. The win was the last hailed by Colin Chapman's act of throwing his cloth cap into the air. Chapman died in December that year and Peter Warr became the new Lotus team manager.

In 1983 Lotus switched from the Cosworth DFV they had been using since 1967, to Renault turbo engines, but it was a disappointing season, suffering multiple mechanical failures. De Angelis's best result was a fifth place in the 1983 Italian Grand Prix.

In 1984 de Angelis had a much better season, scoring a total of 34 points and finishing third in the standings with three podiums. His best result was a second place at the Detroit Grand Prix. De Angelis was the only driver to finish in the top 5 in 1984 not to score a race win, showing his consistent performances throughout the season with the improving Lotus-Renault.

In 1985, de Angelis was joined at Lotus by Ayrton Senna, who had left the Toleman team. De Angelis's second win came in the third race of the season, at the 1985 San Marino Grand Prix, after Alain Prost was disqualified when his McLaren MP4/2B was found 2 kg underweight. De Angelis also claimed his last Formula One pole position that year in Canada. He finished fifth in the championship, with 33 points, five points behind his teammate. However, de Angelis chose to leave Lotus at the end of the season, frustrated that the team's efforts were being focused mostly on Senna.

De Angelis's drive for 1986 was with Brabham, as a replacement for twice World Champion Nelson Piquet, who had moved to Williams to join de Angelis's former Lotus teammate Nigel Mansell. Fellow Italian Riccardo Patrese was his teammate. Patrese was returning to the Bernie Ecclestone owned team after two unhappy years with Alfa Romeo.

De Angelis driving for Team Lotus at the 1985 German Grand Prix.

The 1986 Brabham-BMW, the BT55, was the brainchild of long time Brabham designer Gordon Murray. The BT55 was a lowline car with a reduced frontal area, the idea being to have a cleaner airflow over the car to create more downforce, while at the same time reducing the car's drag. The chassis proved effective, unlike the l4 BMW turbo that had to be tilted to an angle of 72°. This caused severe oil surge and an even greater lack of throttle response than the BMW had become famous for. Although the team worked hard to overcome these problems, it was clear from early in the season that Brabham had fallen behind the leading pack.

Death and aftermath

In May 1986, during tests at the Paul Ricard circuit in France, the rear wing of de Angelis's BT55 detached at high speed[3] resulting in the car losing downforce on the rear wheels, which instigated a cartwheel over a sidetrack barrier, causing the car to catch fire. The impact itself did not kill de Angelis but he was unable to extract himself from the car unassisted. The situation was exacerbated by the lack of track marshals on the circuit who could have provided him with emergency assistance. A 30-minute delay ensued before a helicopter arrived and de Angelis died 29 hours later, at the hospital in Marseille where he had been taken, from smoke inhalation. His actual crash impact injuries were only a broken collar bone and light burns on his back.

De Angelis's death also saw the end of Formula One using the full 5.81 km (3.61 mi) Paul Ricard Circuit. F1 cars started using the 3.812 km (2.369 mi) "Club" version of the circuit, bypassing the Verriere curves where the Brabham had crashed, and cutting the length of the Mistral Straight from 1.8 to 1 km in length. The move was unpopular with many of the drivers, although most did like the reduced straight length as it was easier on the engines. Paul Ricard would not host a race on the full layout until 2018, which featured sharper Verriere curves and a chicane on Mistral effectively cutting the straight to two 800m straights.

De Angelis's place in the Brabham team was subsequently taken by Derek Warwick, allegedly because Warwick was the only available top level driver who did not contact team owner Bernie Ecclestone immediately after de Angelis's death asking to replace him. McLaren driver Keke Rosberg, who was a close friend of de Angelis, retired at the end of the 1986 season.[4]

De Angelis was the last driver to die in a Formula One car until Roland Ratzenberger died during qualifying for the San Marino Grand Prix at Imola eight years later. The day after Ratzenberger's death, de Angelis's former Lotus teammate (and by then a triple World Champion) Ayrton Senna was killed on the seventh lap when his Williams-Renault crashed into the Tamburello Curve wall at over 180 mph (290 km/h).

Legacy

De Angelis was a concert-standard pianist, and famously kept his fellow Formula One drivers entertained with his skills while they locked themselves in a Johannesburg hotel before the 1982 South African Grand Prix at Kyalami when the Grand Prix Drivers Association held a strike in protest at the new Super Licence conditions imposed by the governing body, the FIA.

The French-Italian driver Jean Alesi, who broke into the sport in 1989, wore a helmet that matched de Angelis's design, in tribute to his semi-compatriot.

In 2016, in an academic paper that reported a mathematical modelling study that assessed the relative influence of driver and machine, de Angelis was ranked the 20th best Formula One driver of all time.[5]

In 2017 de Angelis was honoured at the Ludovico Scarfiotti Memorial in Rome.[6]

Racing record

Career summary

Season	Series	Team	Races	Wins	Poles	F/Laps	Podiums	Points	Position
1977	European Formula Three	Valtellina Racing	14	1	2	4	1	18	7th
1978	European Formula Two	Chevron Racing	12	0	0	0	0	4	14th
1979	Formula One	Interscope Shadow Racing Team	14	0	0	0	0	3	15th
	BMW M1 Procar Championship	BMW Italia	4	1	0	0	1	20	13th
1980	Formula One	Team Essex Lotus	14	0	0	0	1	13	7th
1981	Formula One	Team Essex Lotus	5	0	0	0	0	14	8th
		John Player Team Lotus	9	0	0	0	0
1982	Formula One	John Player Team Lotus	15	1	0	0	1	33	9th
1983	Formula One	John Player Team Lotus	15	0	1	0	0	2	17th
1984	Formula One	John Player Team Lotus	16	0	1	0	4	4	3rd
1985	Formula One	John Player Special Team Lotus	16	1	1	0	3	33	5th
1986	Formula One	Motor Racing Developments	4	0	0	0	0	0	NC

Formula One World Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	WDC	Pts.
1979	Interscope Shadow Racing Team	Shadow DN9	Cosworth V8	ARG 7	BRA 12	RSA Ret	USW 7	ESP Ret	BEL Ret	MON DNQ	FRA 16	GBR 12	GER 11	AUT Ret	NED Ret	ITA Ret	CAN Ret	USA 4		15th	3
1980	Team Essex Lotus	Lotus 81	Cosworth V8	ARG Ret	BRA 2	RSA Ret	USW Ret	BEL 10	MON 9	FRA Ret	GBR Ret	GER 16	AUT 6	NED Ret	ITA 4	CAN 10	USA 4			7th	13
1981	Team Essex Lotus	Lotus 81	Cosworth V8	USW Ret	BRA 5	ARG 6	SMR WD	BEL 5												8th	14
		Lotus 87							MON Ret
	John Player Team Lotus									ESP 5	FRA 6	GBR DSQ	GER 7	AUT 7	NED 5	ITA 4	CAN 6	CPL Ret
1982	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 87B	Cosworth V8	RSA 8																9th	23
		Lotus 91			BRA Ret	USW 5	SMR	BEL 4	MON 5	DET Ret	CAN 4	NED Ret	GBR 4	FRA Ret	GER Ret	AUT 1	SUI 6	ITA Ret	CPL Ret
1983	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 91	Cosworth V8	BRA DSQ																17th	2
		Lotus 93T	Renault V6 (tc)		USW Ret	FRA Ret	SMR Ret	MON Ret	BEL 9	DET Ret	CAN Ret
		Lotus 94T										GBR Ret	GER Ret	AUT Ret	NED Ret	ITA 5	EUR Ret	RSA Ret
1984	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 95T	Renault V6 (tc)	BRA 3	RSA 7	BEL 5	SMR 3	FRA 5	MON 5^‡	CAN 4	DET 2	DAL 3	GBR 4	GER Ret	AUT Ret	NED 4	ITA Ret	EUR Ret	POR 5	3rd	34
1985	John Player Special Team Lotus	Lotus 97T	Renault V6 (tc)	BRA 3	POR 4	SMR 1	MON 3	CAN 5	DET 5	FRA 5	GBR NC	GER Ret	AUT 5	NED 5	ITA 6	BEL Ret	EUR 5	RSA Ret	AUS DSQ	5th	33
1986	Motor Racing Developments	Brabham BT55	BMW Straight-4 (tc)	BRA 8	ESP Ret	SMR Ret	MON Ret	BEL	CAN	DET	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	AUT	ITA	POR	MEX	AUS	NC	0

• ‡ Race was stopped with less than 75% of laps completed, half points awarded.

References

1. "20 years since Elio de Angelis died". f1technical.net. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
2. "Ricordando Elio De Angelis, il terzo Memorial Scarfiotti è dedicato a lui". corrieredellosport.it. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
3. "Elio de Angelis – Paul Ricard Accident 14th May 1986". www.eliodeangelis.info. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
4. "Keke Rosberg". ESPN UK. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
5. Hanlon, Mike (12 May 2016). "The Top 50 F1 drivers of all time, regardless of what they were driving". New Atlas. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
6. "Memorial Lodovico Scarfiotti dedicato a Elio De Angelis, Jean Alesi sulla sua Lotus". cronachemaceratesi.it (in Italian). 23 May 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2018.

External links

• Elio de Angelis Tribute Page
• Elio de Angelis at Motorsport Memorial