Enya (album)

Enya is the debut studio album by Irish singer, songwriter, and musician Enya, released in March 1987 by BBC Records in the United Kingdom and by Atlantic Records in the United States. It was renamed as The Celts for the 1992 international re-release of the album by WEA Records in Europe and by Reprise Records in the United States. The album is a selection of music she recorded for the soundtrack to the BBC television series The Celts, aired in 1987. Four years into her largely unnoticed solo career, Enya landed her first major project in 1985 when producer Tony McAuley asked her to contribute a song to the soundtrack. After its director David Richardson liked her demo, Enya accepted his offer to compose the entire score with her longtime recording partners, producer and arranger Nicky Ryan and his wife, lyricist Roma Ryan.

Enya
Studio album / Soundtrack album by Enya
Released	March 1987 November 1992 (Reissue)
Recorded	1985-1986
Studio	Aigle Studio (Artane, Dublin) BBC Enterprises Studio Woodlands (Wood Lane, London)
Genre	New-age Celtic
Length	39:06 (1987) 41:04 (1992)
Label	BBC (1987, UK) Atlantic (1987, US) WEA (1992, Europe) Reprise (1992, US)
Producer	Nicky Ryan
Enya chronology
The Frog Prince: The Original Soundtrack Recording (1985) Enya (1987) Watermark (1988)
Singles from Enya
"I Want Tomorrow" Released: March 1987 "The Celts" Released: November 1992

Enya received mostly mixed reviews from critics when it was released in 1987. It was a mild commercial success, peaking at No. 8 in Ireland and No. 69 on the UK Albums Chart. The album continued to sell; it was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of one million copies. Despite its commercial performance, the album helped Enya secure a recording contract with Warner after chairman Rob Dickins became a fan of its music. After the commercial success of Enya's next two albums, the album was reissued as The Celts and outperformed its original sales. It reached a new peak of No. 10 on the UK Albums Chart and sold a further one million copies in the United States. In 2009, The Celts was reissued in Japan with a bonus track.

Background and recording

Following her work on the soundtrack to the romantic comedy film The Frog Prince (1984), Enya's first major project as a solo artist followed when, in 1985, she was invited by producer Tony McAuley to compose a track for his BBC television documentary series The Celts. As a coincidence, Enya had recorded a track named "March of the Celts" before she was asked to be involved, and decided to submit it to the project. Initially, each episode of the series was to feature a different composer, but series director David Richardson liked Enya's track so much, he commissioned her to compose the entire score.[1][2][3]

Enya worked with her usual recording partners, arranger and producer Nicky Ryan and his wife, lyricist Roma Ryan. The album was recorded in two locations; at Aigle Studio, a 16-track studio installed in the Ryans' home, then located in Artane, a northern suburb of Dublin,[4] and a sound studio at BBC Enterprises at Wood Lane, London.[5] When they recorded at the BBC studio, Nicky had to teach the audio engineers how he and Enya worked as their unusual recording process confused them at first. Nicky said he told them "to forget everything [they had] learned and just bear with us for at least a week".[4] One such example was Nicky's use of reverb, which he set to 24 seconds instead of the more common placement of one-and-a-half seconds.[4]

A total of 72 minutes of music was recorded for the series. Roma recalled that Enya was given "various pastiches" that Richardson wished to incorporate into the episodes, which Enya then used as a guide for to write music to complement them.[3] Enya includes 39 minutes of selected pieces from the soundtrack.[5] The album's front cover depicts Enya posing with stuffed wolves.[6]

Music and lyrics

Several of the album's track titles are titled or based on various historical figures and stories. In writing about the song in 2002, Roma pointed out that "Aldebaran" is named after the brightest star in the constellation of Taurus. In the Arabic language, the title translates to "the follower" as it follows the Pleiades cluster of stars, and the song is based on future Celtic people "passing Aldebaran on their journey to new territories, continuing their migratory pattern which was so predominant in their early history."[3] The track was recorded in its entirety at Aigle Studio as Nicky expressed the difficulty in having to recreate the recording process elsewhere.[4] "The Celts" was used as the main title theme for the television series.[3] "Boadicea", which means "victorious", is a reference to the queen Boudica of the British-Celtic Iceni tribe in East Anglia who led a resistance against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire in 60 A.D., but was defeated and subsequently poisoned herself.[3] As a song about her was already written, Richardson wished for a new track that depicted the idea of "being spellbound" by Boudica, which turned into "I Want Tomorrow".[3] In the liner notes of the album's 1992 reissue, "I Want Tomorrow" is described, simply, as "thoughts of the present" and "March of the Celts" "echoes from the past".[7] "Deireadh an Tuath", which translates from Irish as "End of the Tribe", refers to past spirits and the fertile soil that helps ensure the future of the Celtic people, which is celebrated in the annual Gaelic festival Samhain, held on 31 October.[7] "The Sun in the Stream" was inspired by the legend of the Salmon of Knowledge, a creature written about in various texts in Irish mythology who "possessed all the truth in the world".[3]

"Fairytale" is a track based on a story of early Irish literature about "love, jealousy, secrets and endurance" between Midir, a fairy king, and his love for a princess, Étaín. In the story, Etain is banished and transformed into a pool of water and emerges from it as a butterfly.[7] "Epona" is the name of the horse goddess Epona of the Gallo-Roman religion.[7] "Triad" is a track formed of three sections; "St. Patrick" is a traditional song that refers to St. Patrick who spent six years in captivity after he was captured by the Celtic people. "St. Patrick" lyrics were adapted from ancient hymn "Deus Meus Adiuva Me". The second part, "Cú Chulainn", Irish for "hound of Cullan", is named after the culture hero Cú Chulainn. "Oisin", the final section, meaning "little fawn", is based on the mythological character Oisín.[7] "Bard Dance" refers to the bard, a man of ancient Celtic times who entertained the king.[7] "Dan y Dŵr", which translates to "Under the Water" in the Welsh language, is based on the intentional flooding of the village of Capel Celyn in Wales in order to accommodate a reservoir.[7]

Release

Enya was released on CD, audio cassette, and vinyl in March 1987 by BBC Records the United Kingdom, two months before the series aired on television. The album was released in the United States by Atlantic Records, which categorised it as a new age album and placed an imprint saying so on the disc,[8] which Nicky Ryan later thought was "a cowardly thing to do".[9] The album gained enough public interest to reach No. 8 on the Irish Albums Chart.[10] In the United Kingdom, it entered the UK Albums Chart at No. 79 for the week of 6 June 1987, climbing to its peak of No. 69 on its fourth and final week on the chart, the week of 27 June.[11]

Enya released "I Want Tomorrow" as a single in 1987 as a 7-inch and compact disc with "The Celts" as the B-side. A maxi single was also released with the aforementioned tracks and "To Go Beyond (I)" and "To Go Beyond (II)". Following the album's reissue in 1992, "The Celts" was released as a single with "Eclipse", a previously unreleased track from the Enya sessions, as a B-side. Another unreleased track, "Spaghetti Western Theme from The Celts", was released in 2005 as a B-side for Enya's 2005 single "Amarantine". It was released in memory of McAuley following his death in 2003.

Filmmaker David Bickley reused music from the soundtrack in The Memory of Earth,[12] an instalment in his documentary trilogy Mythological Lands. "Boadicea" was also used in the soundtrack of the 1992 American film Sleepwalkers. "Epona" appears in the 1991 Steve Martin romantic comedy L.A. Story.

1992 reissue

In 1992, after Enya gained worldwide commercial success with her albums Watermark (1988) and Shepherd Moons (1991) for Warner Music, Enya was remastered by Arun Chakraverty and redesigned with new artwork designed by Sooky Choi with photography by David Scheinmann.[7] The album was reissued on 16 November 1992 as The Celts by WEA[13] in Europe and Reprise Records in the United States. The Celts outperformed its original sales, reaching a new peak of No. 10 on the UK Albums Chart for two weeks from the week of 28 November 1992. It returned for two separate weeks in 1993, one week in 1996, and six consecutive weeks in 1998.[11] In the United States, the album sold a further one million copies. It contains a new version of "Portrait" that is named "Portrait (Out of the Blue)", which was originally released as the B-side to Enya's 1988 worldwide hit single, "Orinoco Flow".[7] In 2009, The Celts had a limited Japanese reissue on Super High Material CD with "Eclipse" added as a bonus track.[14]

Sampling of "Boadicea"

"Boadicea" has been sampled by numerous artists. The Fugees sampled it for their song "Ready or Not" on The Score (1996). A lawsuit against the group for copyright infringement was prepared as they had not asked for permission and did not give her credit. However, after Enya confirmed that the group were "anti-crime and drugs and their message was quite positive", she decided not to follow through with the suit. As a compromise, later pressings of The Score included stickers placed on the cover giving Enya credit.[15]

On the 1999 album "Astronomica" by American heavy metal band Crimson Glory, the intro track "March For Glory" is an interpretation of Enya's "Boadicea".

In 2003, R&B artist Mario Winans sampled "Boadicea" for his song "I Don't Wanna Know". Producer P. Diddy personally contacted Enya for permission and gave her 60 percent of the royalties,[16] and included her name on the song's subtitle as "Mario Winans featuring Enya and P. Diddy". It went on to reach No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart in 2004. "Boadicea" was also sampled on the answer song to "I Don't Wanna Know", "You Should Really Know" by The Pirates featuring Shola Ama, Naila Boss and Ishani, which peaked at No. 8 in the UK in 2004. "Boadicea" with "Ready or Not" was also sampled by R&B group Nina Sky on their single "Time to Go" featuring rapper Angie Martinez, from the mixtape presented by Cipha Sounds. In 2008, Italian DJ Francesco Zeta sampled "Boadicea" for his song "Fairyland", he made another version in 2012, subtitled "ReAmp", that also used the Hardstylesample. In 2011, a small sample of "Boadicea" was used on "Der erste Winter" by German singer Cassandra Steen for the album Mir so nah. In 2012, hip hop artist Meek Mill sampled "Boadicea" on his mixtape Dreamchasers 2 on a song named after the Fugees' song, "Ready or Not". In 2015, Masika Kalysha sampled the song on "Hella Hollywood". In 2016, Salvatore Ganacci's song "Dive" sampled "Boadicea", and Enya was credited as a featured artist. On Nigerian-American singer Rotimi's 2019 album "The Beauty of Becoming", he sampled the song on a track entitled "In My Bed", which also featured the rapper Wale.

Critical reception

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[17]
Los Angeles Times	[18]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide	[19]

A November 1987 review appeared in Australian newspaper The Age by Mike Daly. He compared the sound of the album to Clannad following their shift in musical style in the early 1980s, "echoing, shimmering vocals and instrumentals". He questioned if it was "a beautiful, melodic example of New Age music, or perhaps New Folk?" Daly continued to pick out "I Want Tomorrow", "The Celts", "The Sun in the Stream", and "To Go Beyond (II)" as highlight tracks.[20]

Track listing

All music composed by Enya; all music arranged by Enya and Nicky Ryan; all lyrics by Roma Ryan and in some tracks lyrics written with Enya, except for "St. Patrick" lyrics which adapted from ancient hymn "Deus Meus Adiuva Me" by Mael Ísu Ua Brolcháin, though it is credited as "Traditional".[5][21][22]

Side one

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Length
1.	"The Celts"	Enya Roma Ryan	2:56
2.	"Aldebaran" (dedicated to Ridley Scott)	Enya R. Ryan	3:05
3.	"I Want Tomorrow"	Enya R. Ryan	4:00
4.	"March of the Celts"	Enya R. Ryan	3:15
5.	"Deireadh an Tuath" (Irish for "End of the Tribe")	Enya R. Ryan	1:42
6.	"The Sun in the Stream"	Enya	2:54
7.	"To Go Beyond (I)"	Enya	1:19

Side two

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Length
8.	"Fairytale"	Enya	3:02
9.	"Epona"	Enya	1:35
10.	"Triad" a. "St. Patrick" b. "Cú Chulainn" c. "Oisin"	Enya Mael Ísu Ua Brolcháin	4:23
11.	"Portrait"	Enya	1:23
12.	"Boadicea"	Enya	3:30
13.	"Bard Dance"	Enya	1:23
14.	"Dan y Dŵr" (Welsh for "Under the Water")	Enya R. Ryan	1:41
15.	"To Go Beyond (II)"	Enya	2:58
Total length:			39:09

1992 edition

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Length
11.	"Portrait (Out of the Blue)" (extended version)	Enya	3:11
12.	"Boadicea"	Enya	3:30
13.	"Bard Dance"	Enya	1:23
14.	"Dan y Dŵr"	Enya R. Ryan	1:41
15.	"To Go Beyond (II)"	Enya	2:59
Total length:			40:58

2009 Japanese CD edition

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Length
16.	"Eclipse"	Enya R. Ryan	1:33

Personnel

Credits adapted from the album's 1987 and 1992 liner notes.[5][7]

Musicians

• Enya – vocals, piano, Roland Juno 60, Yamaha DX7, E-mu Emulator II, Kurzweil synthesiser
• Arty McGlynn – electric guitar
• Liam O'Flynn – Uilleann pipes
• Patrick Halling – violin

Production

• Enya – arrangement
• Nicky Ryan – arrangement, production, engineer on "Aldebaran" and "March of the Celts"
• Nigel Read – engineer (all other tracks)
• Mario Moscardini – sleeve design, art direction
• Martyn J. Adleman – photography
• David Scheinmann – photography (1992 reissue)
• Sooky Choi – designer (1992 reissue)
• Arun Chakraverty – mastering (1992 reissue)
• Bruce Talbot – executive producer
• Sam Feldman – remastering at Atlantic Studios, New York City

Charts

Enya Chart Peak position Australian ARIA Albums Chart[23] 26 Irish Albums Chart 8 New Zealand Albums Chart[23] 15 UK Albums Chart[24] 69

The Celts Chart Peak position Australian ARIA Albums Chart[25] 7 Dutch Albums Chart[25] 28 German Albums Chart[25] 70 New Zealand Albums Chart[25] 7 Norwegian Albums Chart[25] 20 Spanish Albums Chart[25] 27 Swedish Albums Chart[25] 39 UK Albums Chart[24] 10

Certifications

Enya Region Certification Certified units/sales Australia (ARIA)[26] Platinum 70,000^^ United States (RIAA)[27] Platinum 1,000,000^^ Summaries Worldwide — 4,000,000[28] ^^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

The Celts Region Certification Certified units/sales Argentina (CAPIF)[29] Gold 30,000^^ Australia (ARIA)[30] 2× Platinum 140,000^^ Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[31] Platinum 250,000^* Germany (BVMI)[32] Gold 250,000^^ Japan (RIAJ)[33] Gold 100,000^^ New Zealand (RMNZ)[34] Gold 7,500^^ Spain (PROMUSICAE)[35] Gold 50,000^^ United Kingdom (BPI)[36] Platinum 300,000^^ United States (RIAA)[37] Platinum 1,000,000^^ Summaries Worldwide — 4,500,000[38] ^* Sales figures based on certification alone. ^^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References

1. "Watermark press release issued by Geffen Records". Geffen Records (USA). January 1989. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
2. "On Her Shoe: An Exclusive Interview with Enya". Inside Borders. January 2001. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
3. Roma Ryan (2002). Only Time — The Collection (Booklet notes). Enya. Warner Music. p. 4, 10. 0927 49211-2.
4. Graham, Bill (1987). "Enya: The Latest Score". Hot Press. Ireland. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
5. Enya (Media notes). Enya. BBC Records. 1987. BBC CD 605.CS1 maint: others (link)
6. Azerrad, Michael (May 1989). "Enya: Clannad's Little Sister Sails Away". Musician. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
7. Roma Ryan (1992). The Celts (Booklet notes). Enya. Warner Music. 4509-91167-2.
8. Enya (Media notes). Enya. Atlantic Records. 1987. 7 81842-2.CS1 maint: others (link)
9. Lanham, Tom (1989). "Interview with Enya". The Sunday Chronicle.
10. "Irish Charts > Enya albums". irish-charts.com Hung Medien. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
11. "Official Charts – Enya". UK Official Charts. Archived from the original on 13 July 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
12. "Enya.com". 2007-03-07. Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
13. "BRIT Certified – Certified Awards Search – "Enya – The Celts"". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
14. http://eil.com/shop/moreinfo.asp?catalogid=459825
15. "Irish Voice article at archive.org". 1997-02-18. Archived from the original on 2005-04-07. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
16. "Where HipHop and Libertarianism Meet: "Sasha Frere-Jones in New Yorker"". 2004-06-28. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
17. AllMusic review
18. Los Angeles Times review
19. Brackett, Nathan; Christian Hoard (2004). The Rolling Stone Album Guide. New York City, New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 280. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. Rolling Stone Enya Album Guide
20. Daly, Mike (12 November 1987). "Hard to categorise but a lot to listen to". The Age. Melbourne, Victoria. p. 48. Retrieved 26 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
21. "Triad (St. Patrick, Cú Chulainn, Oisín)". unity.enya.com. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
22. "Deus Meus Adiuva Me". Godsongs.net. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
23. "ENYA - ENYA (ALBUM)". spanishcharts.com. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
24. "ENYA - Albums and Singles". officialcharts.com. Archived from the original on 2016-07-13. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
25. "ENYA - THE CELTS (ALBUM)". spanishcharts.com. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
26. Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia’s Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt Martha, Victoria, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 94.
27. "American album certifications – Enya – Enya". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH. 
28. Young, David (11 July 2007). "UU Honours Musician Enya". University of Ulster. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
29. "Discos de oro y platino" (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
30. Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia’s Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt Martha, Victoria, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 94.
31. "Brazilian album certifications – Enya – The Celts" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil.
32. "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Enya; 'The Celts')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
33. "RIAJ > The Record > April 1998 > Certified Awards (February 1998)" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 January 2014.
34. "New Zealand album certifications – Enya – The Celts". Recorded Music NZ.
35. Sólo Éxitos 1959–2002 Año A Año: Certificados 1979–1990 (in Spanish). Iberautor Promociones Culturales. 2005. ISBN 8480486392.
36. "British album certifications – Enya – The Celts". British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type The Celts in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
37. "American album certifications – Enya – The Celts". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH. 
38. "University Of Ulster News Release - UU Honours Musician Enya". news.ulster.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2011.

External links

• Enya at Discogs (list of releases)