Eric S. Raymond

Eric Steven Raymond (born December 4, 1957), often referred to as ESR, is an American software developer, open-source software advocate, and author of the 1997 essay and 1999 book The Cathedral and the Bazaar. He wrote a guidebook for the Roguelike game NetHack.[2] In the 1990s, he edited and updated the Jargon File, currently in print as The New Hacker's Dictionary.[3]

"Eric Raymond" redirects here. For other uses, see Eric Raymond (disambiguation).

Eric S. Raymond
Raymond at Linucon 2004
Born (1957-12-04) December 4, 1957
Boston, Massachusetts
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Pennsylvania (dropped out)[1]
OccupationSoftware developer, author
Websitewww.catb.org/esr/

Early life

Raymond was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1957 and lived in Venezuela as a child. His family moved to Pennsylvania in 1971.[4] He developed cerebral palsy at birth; his weakened physical condition motivated him to go into computing.[5]

Career

Raymond began his programming career writing proprietary software, between 1980 and 1985.[1] In 1990, noting that the Jargon File had not been maintained since about 1983, he adopted it. Paul Dourish maintains an archived original version of the Jargon File, because, he says, Raymond's updates "essentially destroyed what held it together."[6]

In 1996 Raymond took over development of the open-source email software "popclient", renaming it to Fetchmail.[7] Soon after this experience, in 1997, he wrote the essay "The Cathedral and the Bazaar", detailing his thoughts on open-source software development and why it should be done as openly as possible (the "bazaar" approach). The essay was based in part on his experience in developing Fetchmail. He first presented his thesis at the annual Linux Kongress on May 27, 1997. He later expanded the essay into a book, The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, in 1999. The essay has been widely cited.[8] The internal white paper by Frank Hecker that led to the release of the Mozilla (then Netscape) source code in 1998 cited The Cathedral and the Bazaar as "independent validation" of ideas proposed by Eric Hahn and Jamie Zawinski.[9] Hahn would later describe the 1999 book as "clearly influential".[10]:190

From the late 1990s onward, due in part to the popularity of his essay, Raymond became a prominent voice in the open source movement. He co-founded the Open Source Initiative (OSI) in 1998, taking on the self-appointed role of ambassador of open source to the press, business and public. He remains active in OSI, but stepped down as president of the initiative in February 2005.[11] In early March 2020, he was removed from two Open Source Initiative mailing lists due to posts that violated the OSI's Code of Conduct.[12]

In 1998 Raymond received and published a Microsoft document expressing worry about the quality of rival open-source software.[13] He named this document, together with others subsequently leaked, "The Halloween Documents".

In 2000–2002 he created Configuration Menu Language 2 (CML2), a source code configuration system; while originally intended for the Linux operating system, it was rejected by kernel developers.[14] (Raymond attributed this rejection to "kernel list politics",[15] but Linus Torvalds said in a 2007 mailing list post that as a matter of policy, the development team preferred more incremental changes.) Raymond's 2003 book The Art of Unix Programming discusses user tools for programming and other tasks.

Some versions of NetHack still include Raymond's guide.[2] He has also contributed code and content to the free software video game The Battle for Wesnoth.[16]

Raymond is the main developer of NTPSec, a "secure, hardened replacement" for the Unix utility NTP.[17]

Views on open source

Raymond coined an aphorism he dubbed Linus's law, inspired by Linus Torvalds: "Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow".[18] It first appeared in his book The Cathedral and the Bazaar.[19]:30

Raymond has refused to speculate on whether the "bazaar" development model could be applied to works such as books and music, saying that he does not want to "weaken the winning argument for open-sourcing software by tying it to a potential loser".[20]

Raymond has had a number of public disputes with other figures in the free software movement. As head of the Open Source Initiative, he argued that advocates should focus on the potential for better products. The "very seductive" moral and ethical rhetoric of Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation fails, he said, "not because his principles are wrong, but because that kind of language ... simply does not persuade anybody".[21]

In a 2008 essay he defended programmers' right to issue work under proprietary licenses: "I think that if a programmer wants to write a program and sell it, it's neither my business nor anyone else's but his customer's what the terms of sale are."[22] In the same essay he said that the "logic of the system" puts developers into "dysfunctional roles", with bad code the result.

Political beliefs and activism

Raymond is a member of the Libertarian Party. He is a gun rights advocate.[23] He has endorsed the open source firearms organization Defense Distributed, calling them "friends of freedom" and writing "I approve of any development that makes it more difficult for governments and criminals to monopolize the use of force. As 3D printers become less expensive and more ubiquitous, this could be a major step in the right direction."[24][25]

In 2015 Raymond accused the Ada Initiative and other women in tech groups of attempting to entrap male open source leaders and accuse them of rape, saying "Try to avoid even being alone, ever, because there is a chance that a 'women in tech' advocacy group is going to try to collect your scalp."[26][27]

Raymond has claimed that "Gays experimented with unfettered promiscuity in the 1970s and got AIDS as a consequence", and that "Police who react to a random black male behaving suspiciously who might be in the critical age range as though he is an near-imminent lethal threat, are being rational, not racist."[28][29] Progressive campaign The Great Slate was successful in raising funds for candidates in part by asking for contributions from tech workers in return for not posting similar quotes by Raymond. Matasano Security employee and Great Slate fundraiser Thomas Ptacek said, "I’ve been torturing Twitter with lurid Eric S. Raymond quotes for years. Every time I do, 20 people beg me to stop." It is estimated that as of March 2018 over $30,000 has been raised in this way.[30]

Religious beliefs

Raymond describes himself as neo-pagan.[5]

Bibliography
  • Hamerly, Jim, Paquin, Tom and Walton, Susan; Freeing the Source: The Story of Mozilla, in Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution, O'Reilly, 1999. 280pp, ISBN 1-56592-582-3
  • Wayner, Peter; Free for All: How LINUX and the Free Software Movement Undercut the High-Tech Titans, HarperCollins, 2000, 340pp, ISBN 0-06-662050-3
  • Suarez-Potts, Louis; Interview: Frank Hecker, Community Articles, May 1, 2001, www.openoffice.org, OpenOffice website
  • Moody, Glyn; Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution, Basic Books 2002, 342pp, ISBN 978-0-7382-0333-1

Books

Writings posted or archived on his website

See also

References
  1. Raymond, Eric S. (January 29, 2003). "Resume of Eric Steven Raymond". Retrieved November 23, 2009.
  2. Raymond, Eric S. (December 8, 2003). "A Guide to the Mazes of Menace (Guidebook of Nethack)". NetHack.org. Retrieved December 15, 2008.
  3. Raymond, Eric S. (October 11, 1996). The New Hacker's Dictionary. ISBN 0-262-68092-0.
  4. "Man Against the FUD". Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
  5. Leonard, Andrew (April 1998). "Let my software go!". Salon.com. San Francisco: Salon Media Group. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
  6. "The Original Hacker's Dictionary". dourish.com. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  7. "Fetchmail".
  8. "Citations for "The Cathedral And The Bazaar"". ACM Digital Library. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  9. Suarez-Potts, Louis (2001). "Interview: Frank Hecker". Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  10. Moody, Glyn (July 25, 2002). Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution. Basic Books. ISBN 0-7382-0670-9.
  11. Raymond, Eric S. (January 31, 2005). "Open Source Initiative (OSI) Announces expanded programs, counsel, AND board". Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  12. "Co-founder of OSI Banned From Mailing Lists". Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  13. Harmon, Amy (November 3, 1998). "Internal Memo Shows Microsoft Executives' Concern Over Free Software". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  14. "CML2, ESR, & The LKML". KernelTrap. February 17, 2002. Archived from the original on August 7, 2007.
  15. McMillan, Rob. "Interview: Eric Raymond goes back to basics". IBM developerWorks. Archived from the original on June 4, 2003.
  16. "People at Gna!: Eric S. Raymond Profile". Gna.org. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
  17. "NTPsec Project Blog". Retrieved January 9, 2020.
  18. Greenstein, Shane (January 2012). "The Range of Linus' Law". IEEE Micro. 32 (1). IEEE Computer Society.
  19. Raymond, Eric S. (1999). The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 1-56592-724-9.
  20. Raymond, Eric S. (2000). "Afterword: Beyond Software?". Retrieved July 24, 2007.
  21. Raymond, Eric S. (July 28, 1999). "Shut Up And Show Them The Code". Linux Today. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  22. Raymond, Eric S. (October 1, 2008). "Why I Hate Proprietary Software". Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  23. Richard Stallman, Free Software, and Copyleft Archived June 24, 2017, at the Wayback Machine 2011
  24. Raymond, Eric (August 23, 2012). "Defense Distributed". Armed and Dangerous. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  25. Kopfstein, Janus (April 12, 2013). "Guns want to be free: what happens when 3D printing and crypto-anarchy collide?". The Verge.
  26. "Linus Torvalds targeted by honeytraps, claims Eric S. Raymond". Retrieved November 25, 2017.
  27. "Is This Crazy Anti-Feminist Rumor the Platonic Ideal of the Men's-Rights Internet?". Select All. Retrieved November 25, 2017.
  28. Raymond, Eric (June 16, 2002). "The Elephant in the Bath-House". Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  29. Raymond, Eric (September 24, 2016). "Dilemmatizing the NRA". Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  30. Jeong, Sarah (March 8, 2018). "Meet the campaign connecting affluent techies with progressive candidates around the country". The Verge. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

Further reading
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