Erio Tosatti

Erio Tosatti (born 9 November 1943 in Nonantola) is an Italian theoretical physicist active at the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), and at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), both in Trieste, Italy. He is a broad-scope theorist who carried out research on a wide range of condensed matter physics phenomena. His early work dealt with optical properties,[1] electron energy loss,[2] theory of excitons[3] and nonlocal dielectric response [4] in solids, including layer crystals such as graphite[5] and semiconductors; charge- and spin-density-waves;[6][7][8] surface physics in all its aspects, particularly reconstruction,[9] roughening[10] and melting,[11] also in clusters;[12] the prediction the Berry phase in fullerene;[13][14] the first calculated STM map of graphite,[15] now a standard in the field; matter at extreme pressures: carbon,[16] oxygen,[17][18] hydrogen,[19] CO2,[20] iron at earth core conditions,[21] water and ammonia at deep planetary conditions,[22] pressure-induced insulator-metal transitions in layer compounds like MoS2.[23] In nanophysics, he and his group predicted helical structures of metal nanowires;[24][25] the spontaneous magnetism of metal nanocontacts,[26] including the electronic circumstances for normal or ferromagnetic Kondo effect therein.[27][28] His and his collaborator's theory of strongly correlated superconductivity[29][30] was recently confirmed in compounds such as Cs3C60. Pioneering papers on quantum annealing[31][32] are now basic to current developments in quantum computing. More recently he moved on to the theory of nanofriction,[33] a field where he obtained the ERC Advanced Grant MODPHYSFRICT 2013-2019, and subsequently, as co-PI with an experimental group, another ERC Advanced Grant ULTRADISS 2019-2024 . More details of his current and past research activity can be found here.

Life

Born of a peasant family, he made it to the renowned Istituto tecnico industriale Fermo Corni high school of Modena, where his early subjects were technical and practical—electronics, nuclear technology, etc. Skills that allowed him to earn a living as a technician in a human physiology research laboratory while studying physics at the local Universita' di Modena. Associated from boyhood to Modena's renowned Societa' Corale Rossini directed by Livio Borri, a great music teacher, he sang for some years opera and church music within the choir which included among others the young Luciano Pavarotti.

His physics degree (Universita' di Modena 1967) was on pion-nucleon phase shift dispersion relations, a subject suggested by Daniele Amati. Admitted to doctoral studies in Pisa's famous Scuola Normale Superiore he switched to the burgeoning field of solid state physics in the freshly established research group of Franco G. Bassani working on the optical properties of semiconductors. His doctoral work (Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 1970) employed optical and electron energy loss data along with dispersion relations typical of high energy physics to work out the anisotropic dielectric tensor of graphite, later useful in the context of graphene.

After serving as a weather forecast under-lieutenant (GARF) for his (then compulsory) military service in the Italian Air Force, he moved to University of Rome -- where he also collaborated with Ugo Fano -- with a researcher position of Italy's National Research Council (CNR) . That position allowed him freedom to leave for a joint 18-month long Royal Society - NATO fellowship to the Cavendish Laboratory, at the University of Cambridge, UK, where in 1972-73 he collaborated with Philip W. Anderson. He also spent most of 1974 with a DFG fellowship at the University of Stuttgart in the group of Hermann Haken and most of 1977 at Stanford University, in the group of Sebastian Doniach .

From Rome he was called to Trieste in 1977 by Abdus Salam and Paolo Budinich to start within the International Centre for Theoretical Physics the ICTP Condensed Matter Theory Group, now flourishing. In 1980 he also became a professor at the newly established International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), where he founded and directed for 27 years the Condensed Matter Theory group, and where he still works. From 1977 onwards his double involvement with SISSA and ICTP kept him in Trieste, with the exception of a sabbatical year at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory where in 1984-85 he also collaborated with K. Alex Muller, as well as with Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig. His strong connection to the ICTP also brought him to serve as Director in 2002-2003.

Honors

Tosatti was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2001, a corresponding member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in 2006, a foreign member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2011, a member of the Accademia Istituto Lombardo in 2012, a winner of the 2018 Enrico Fermi Prize of the Italian Physical Society, https://en.sif.it/activities/fermi_award and in 2019 a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the only Italian to be so honored.

For his research he had also been awarded the Burstein Lecture of the University of Pennsylvania in 1994, the Francesco Somaini Prize in 1997, and a vast number of invited colloquia and named lectures worldwide.

For his long-lasting efforts in favor of scientists in less fortunate countries he was awarded the 2005 AIP Tate Medal whose citation states that [Tosatti] ”has probably left much deeper marks in many countries than most of the programs that make the headlines”. For these merits the Spirit of Abdus Salam award was also bestowed upon him in August 2020.

References
  1. GREENAWAY, D. L. (1969). "Anisotropy of the Optical Constants and the Band Structure of Graphite". Physical Review. 178 (3): 1340–1348. Bibcode:1969PhRv..178.1340G. doi:10.1103/physrev.178.1340.
  2. Tosatti, E.; Bassani, F. (1970-02-01). "Optical constants of graphite". Il Nuovo Cimento. 65 (2): 161–173. Bibcode:1970NCimB..65..161T. doi:10.1007/bf02711192. ISSN 0369-3554. S2CID 118026306.
  3. Harbeke, G. (1972). "Band-Edge Excitons in Pb". Physical Review Letters. 28 (24): 1567–1570. Bibcode:1972PhRvL..28.1567H. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.28.1567.
  4. Baldereschi, A. (1978). "Mean-value point and dielectric properties of semiconductors and insulators". Physical Review B. 17 (12): 4710–4717. Bibcode:1978PhRvB..17.4710B. doi:10.1103/physrevb.17.4710.
  5. Harbeke, Gunther (1975). "OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF LAYER STRUCTURE COMPOUNDS". RCA Review. 6 (1): 40–69.
  6. Tosatti, E.; Anderson, P.W. (1974). "Two-dimensional excitonic insulators: Si and Ge (111) surfaces". Solid State Communications. 14 (8): 773–777. Bibcode:1974SSCom..14..773T. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(74)90883-7.
  7. Tosatti, Erio (1975). "Electronic superstructures of semiconductor surfaces and of layered transition-metal compounds". Festkörperprobleme. Advances in Solid State Physics. 15. pp. 113–147. doi:10.1007/BFb0107376. ISBN 978-3-528-08021-1.
  8. Tosatti, E.; Anderson, P. W. (1 January 1974). "Charge and Spin Density Waves on Semiconductor Surfaces". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 13 (S2): 381. Bibcode:1974JJAPS..13..381T. doi:10.7567/JJAPS.2S2.381.
  9. Ercolessi, F. (1986). "Au (100) Surface Reconstruction". Physical Review Letters. 57 (6): 719–722. Bibcode:1986PhRvL..57..719E. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.57.719. PMID 10034140.
  10. Bernasconi, Marco; Tosatti, Erio (1993). "Reconstruction, disordering and roughening of metal surfaces". Surface Science Reports. 17 (7–8): 363–422. Bibcode:1993SurSR..17..363B. doi:10.1016/0167-5729(93)90019-l.
  11. Tartaglino, U.; Zykova-Timan, T.; Ercolessi, F.; Tosatti, E. (2005). "Melting and nonmelting of solid surfaces and nanosystems". Physics Reports. 411 (5): 291–321. arXiv:cond-mat/0504680. Bibcode:2005PhR...411..291T. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2005.01.004. S2CID 119487104.
  12. Ercolessi, Furio (1991). "Melting of small gold particles: Mechanism and size effects". Physical Review Letters. 66 (7): 911–914. Bibcode:1991PhRvL..66..911E. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.66.911. PMID 10043938.
  13. Auerbach, Assa (1994). "Electron-vibron interactions in charged fullerenes. I. Berry phases". Physical Review B. 49 (18): 12998–13007. arXiv:cond-mat/9312074. Bibcode:1994PhRvB..4912998A. doi:10.1103/physrevb.49.12998. PMID 10010212.
  14. Manini, Nicola (1994). "Electron-vibron interactions in charged fullerenes. II. Pair energies and spectra". Physical Review B. 49 (18): 13008–13016. arXiv:cond-mat/9312076. Bibcode:1994PhRvB..4913008M. doi:10.1103/physrevb.49.13008. PMID 10010213. S2CID 11881736.
  15. Selloni, A. (1985). "Voltage-dependent scanning-tunneling microscopy of a crystal surface: Graphite". Physical Review B. 31 (4): 2602–2605. Bibcode:1985PhRvB..31.2602S. doi:10.1103/physrevb.31.2602. PMID 9936101.
  16. Scandolo, S. (1995). "Pressure-Induced Transformation Path of Graphite to Diamond". Physical Review Letters. 74 (20): 4015–4018. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..74.4015S. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.74.4015. PMID 10058391.
  17. Serra, S. (1998). "Pressure-Induced Magnetic Collapse and Metallization of Molecular Oxygen: The". Physical Review Letters. 80 (23): 5160–5163. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.5160S. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.5160.
  18. Crespo, Yanier; Fabrizio, Michele; Scandolo, Sandro; Tosatti, Erio (2014-07-22). "Collective spin 1 singlet phase in high-pressure oxygen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (29): 10427–10432. arXiv:1409.4956. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11110427C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1404590111. PMC 4115506. PMID 25002513.
  19. Kohanoff, Jorge (1997). "Solid Molecular Hydrogen: The Broken Symmetry Phase". Physical Review Letters. 78 (14): 2783–2786. arXiv:cond-mat/9703074. Bibcode:1997PhRvL..78.2783K. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.2783. S2CID 118972275.
  20. Serra, S.; Cavazzoni, C.; Chiarotti, G. L.; Scandolo, S.; Tosatti, E. (1999-04-30). "Pressure-Induced Solid Carbonates from Molecular CO2 by Computer Simulation". Science. 284 (5415): 788–790. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..788S. doi:10.1126/science.284.5415.788. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10221907.
  21. Laio, A.; Bernard, S.; Chiarotti, G. L.; Scandolo, S.; Tosatti, E. (2000-02-11). "Physics of Iron at Earth's Core Conditions". Science. 287 (5455): 1027–1030. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.1027L. doi:10.1126/science.287.5455.1027. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10669412.
  22. Cavazzoni, C.; Chiarotti, G. L.; Scandolo, S.; Tosatti, E.; Bernasconi, M.; Parrinello, M. (1999-01-01). "Superionic and Metallic States of Water and Ammonia at Giant Planet Conditions". Science. 283 (5398): 44–46. Bibcode:1999Sci...283...44C. doi:10.1126/science.283.5398.44. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9872734. S2CID 11938710.
  23. Hromadová, Liliana (2013). "Structure change, layer sliding, and metallization in high-pressure MoS". Physical Review B. 87 (14): 144105. arXiv:1301.0781. Bibcode:2013PhRvB..87n4105H. doi:10.1103/physrevb.87.144105. S2CID 119275438.
  24. Gülseren, Oğuz (1998). "Noncrystalline Structures of Ultrathin Unsupported Nanowires". Physical Review Letters. 80 (17): 3775–3778. arXiv:cond-mat/9803096. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.3775G. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.3775. S2CID 118853406.
  25. Tosatti, E.; Prestipino, S.; Kostlmeier, S.; Corso, A. Dal; Tolla, F. D. Di (2001-01-12). "String Tension and Stability of Magic Tip-Suspended Nanowires". Science. 291 (5502): 288–290. Bibcode:2001Sci...291..288T. doi:10.1126/science.291.5502.288. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11209075. S2CID 27087579.
  26. Delin, A. (2003). "Magnetic phenomena in". Physical Review B. 68 (14): 144434. arXiv:cond-mat/0305658. Bibcode:2003PhRvB..68n4434D. doi:10.1103/physrevb.68.144434. S2CID 118548201.
  27. Lucignano, Procolo; Mazzarello, Riccardo; Smogunov, Alexander; Fabrizio, Michele; Tosatti, Erio (July 2009). "Kondo conductance in an atomic nanocontact from first principles". Nature Materials. 8 (7): 563–567. arXiv:0907.3422. Bibcode:2009NatMa...8..563L. doi:10.1038/nmat2476. ISSN 1476-4660. PMID 19525949. S2CID 30060692.
  28. Requist, Ryan; Baruselli, Pier Paolo; Smogunov, Alexander; Fabrizio, Michele; Modesti, Silvio; Tosatti, Erio (June 2016). "Metallic, magnetic and molecular nanocontacts". Nature Nanotechnology. 11 (6): 499–508. arXiv:1606.02912. Bibcode:2016NatNa..11..499R. doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.55. ISSN 1748-3395. PMID 27272139. S2CID 1448701.
  29. Capone, M.; Fabrizio, M.; Castellani, C.; Tosatti, E. (2002-06-28). "Strongly Correlated Superconductivity". Science. 296 (5577): 2364–2366. arXiv:cond-mat/0207058. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2364C. doi:10.1126/science.1071122. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12089436. S2CID 6224779.
  30. Capone, Massimo (2009). "Colloquium: Modeling the unconventional superconducting properties of expanded". Reviews of Modern Physics. 81 (2): 943–958. arXiv:0809.0910. Bibcode:2009RvMP...81..943C. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.81.943. S2CID 18503885.
  31. Santoro, Giuseppe E.; Martoňák, Roman; Tosatti, Erio; Car, Roberto (2002-03-29). "Theory of Quantum Annealing of an Ising Spin Glass". Science. 295 (5564): 2427–2430. arXiv:cond-mat/0205280. Bibcode:2002Sci...295.2427S. doi:10.1126/science.1068774. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11923532. S2CID 15185193.
  32. Santoro, Giuseppe E; Tosatti, Erio (2006). "Optimization using quantum mechanics: quantum annealing through adiabatic evolution". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General. 39 (36): R393–R431. Bibcode:2006JPhA...39R.393S. doi:10.1088/0305-4470/39/36/r01.
  33. Vanossi, Andrea (2013). "Colloquium: Modeling friction: From nanoscale to mesoscale". Reviews of Modern Physics. 85 (2): 529–552. arXiv:1112.3234. Bibcode:2013RvMP...85..529V. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.85.529. S2CID 54222979.
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