Eucomis vandermerwei

Eucomis vandermerwei is a South African bulbous perennial flowering plant, a member of the asparagus family (Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae), and like other members of Eucomis is commonly known as pineapple lily for its superficial resemblance to that plant (Ananas comosus), although not closely related to it. This species is one of the smallest in the genus, and is native to a high-rainfall region of western Mpumalanga in South Africa. The dense rosette of leaves, either prostrate or ascending, is heavily blotched with purple, and the leaf-edges are markedly crisped or wavy. The star-shaped burgundy flowers appear in midsummer (November–January in South Africa), and are borne on a spike (raceme) topped by a "head" of leafy bracts.

Eucomis vandermerwei
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Scilloideae
Genus: Eucomis
Species:
E. vandermerwei
Binomial name
Eucomis vandermerwei

Description

Eucomis vandermerwei is a short summer-growing bulbous plant, reaching at most 20 cm (8 in) tall. It bulb is ovoid, 3–6 cm (1 1⁄4–2 1⁄4 in) across. Three to six leaves emerge from a bulb and are up to 60 cm (2 ft) long and 15 cm (6 in) wide, heavily spotted and marked with purple, with hard undulate margins. The flowers are arranged in a raceme on a purple-spotted stem (peduncule) 6–12 cm (2 1⁄2–4 1⁄2 in) tall. The raceme is topped by a head or "coma" of up to 11 bracts which, like the leaves, are purple spotted. The unpleasantly scented flowers have maroon tepals and green stamen filaments bearing mauve anthers. Each flower is borne on a stalk (pedicel), 2–4 cm (1–1 1⁄2 in) long. The ovary is green tinged with purple and is followed by a brownish-maroon seed capsule producing relatively large, ovoid, black glossy seeds.[2][3]

Taxonomy

Eucomis vandermerwei was first described by Inez Verdoorn in 1944.[1] The species was first collected in 1937 by the amateur botanist Frederick Ziervogel van der Merwe in western Mpumalanga.[2] It is one of a group of mainly short, diploid species with 2n = 2x = 30 chromosomes.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Eucomis vandermerwei occurs in western Mpumalanga, part of the Northern Provinces,[1] in the most north-eastern part of South Africa. It is endemic to high slopes and plateaux at altitudes of 2,200–2,500 m (7,200–8,200 ft). It grows in small groups in sunny positions in well-drained stony and rocky habitats with acid soil.[2][5]

Conservation

Eucomis vandermerwei has been assessed as "vulnerable" in the Red List of South African Plants, and the population is declining. It is only known from six to eight locations. Threats include its habitat being converted to forestry, overgrazing and trampling, poor fire control and alien vegetation. Harvesting for medicinal purposes by local people is also a threat, as is the expansion of coal mining. It is protected where it occurs in the Verloren Valei Nature Reserve.[6] Its seed capsules are heavily parasitized by insects, resulting in poor seed germination.[2]

Cultivation

Eucomis vandermerwei is cultivated as an ornamental bulbous plant. It has been described as "one of the most desirable dwarf summer-growing South African bulbs", with very long-lasting flowers and cryptically marked foliage.[5] In temperate areas such as Britain, E. vandermerwei requires a sheltered position in full sun, in a spot where temperatures do not fall below −5 °C (23 °F), for instance in southern and south-western coastal parts. In colder areas, dry frost-free storage in winter is recommended. It may be propagated from seed or leaf cuttings, by division of the large tunicated bulb or from offsets.[3][5] It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[7][8]

Some cultivars are either known or assumed to be derived from E. vandermerwei. These include:

  • Eucomis 'Leia' – may be from a cross between E. vandermerwei and E. comosa[9]
  • Eucomis 'Freckles' – from a cross between Eucomis 'Leia' and E. vandermerwei[10]

References
  1. "Eucomis vandermerwei". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2018-11-03.
  2. Duncan, Graham (May 2012). "Eucomis vandermerwei". PlantZAfrica.com. SANBI. Retrieved 2018-11-03.
  3. Compton, James (1990). "Eucomis L'Heritier". The Plantsman. 12 (3): 129–139.
  4. Zonneveld, B.J.M. & Duncan, G.D. (2010). "Genome sizes of Eucomis L'Hér. (Hyacinthaceae) and a description of the new species Eucomis grimshawii G.D.Duncan & Zonneveld". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 284 (1–2): 99–109. doi:10.1007/s00606-009-0236-y.
  5. Duncan, Graham (2007), "Lesser-known Eucomis", The Plantsman, New Series, 6 (2): 98–103
  6. Lötter, M.; Burrows, J.E. & von Staden, L. (2009). "Eucomis vandermerwei I.Verd". National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
  7. "Eucomis vandermerwei". RHS Plantfinder. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  8. "AGM Plants – Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 37. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  9. Grimshaw, John (2010). "Horticultural Trades Association National Plant Show 2010". John Grimshaw's Garden Diary. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
  10. "Eucomis 'Freckles'". Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2018-11-05.
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