Fadogia

Fadogia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera Rytigynia and Fadogia form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.[1]

Fadogia
Fadogia homblei
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Ixoroideae
Tribe: Vanguerieae
Genus: Fadogia
Schweinf.
Type species
Fadogia cienkowskii

Distribution

Fadogia is found in Tropical Africa. F. cienkowskii and F. tetraquetra have the largest distribution and occur from Guinea to the Transvaal province. F. ancylantha and F. erythrophloea are also found in many African countries, but they don't occur so far south. The countries with the highest number of species are Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Tanzania, and Central African Republic.[2]

Bacterial leaf symbiosis

Endophytic bacteria are housed in the intercellular space of the leaf mesophyll tissue. The presence of these bacteria can only be microscopically ascertained. The bacteria are identified as Burkholderia, which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species.[3][4] The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory.[5]

Gousiekte

Fadogia homblei is known to cause gousiekte, a cardiotoxicosis of ruminants characterised by heart failure four to eight weeks after ingestion of certain rubiaceous plants.[6]

Species
  • Fadogia ancylantha Schweinf.
  • Fadogia andersonii Robyns
  • Fadogia arenicola K.Schum. & K.Krause
  • Fadogia audruana M.Fay, J.-P.Lebrun & Stork
  • Fadogia butayei De Wild.
  • Fadogia caespitosa Robyns
  • Fadogia chlorantha K.Schum.
  • Fadogia chrysantha K.Schum.
  • Fadogia cienkowskii Schweinf.
  • Fadogia cinerascens Robyns
  • Fadogia elskensii De Wild.
  • Fadogia erythrophloea (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Fadogia fragrans Robyns
  • Fadogia fuchsioides Schweinf. ex Oliv.
  • Fadogia glaberrima Welw. ex Hiern
  • Fadogia gossweileri Robyns
  • Fadogia graminea Wernham
  • Fadogia homblei Robyns
  • Fadogia lactiflora Welw. ex Hiern
  • Fadogia latifolia A.Chev. ex Robyns
  • Fadogia leucophloea Schweinf. ex Hiern
  • Fadogia luangwae Verdc.
  • Fadogia oblongolanceolata Robyns
  • Fadogia obscura A.Chev. ex Robyns
  • Fadogia olivacea Robyns
  • Fadogia parvifolia Verdc.
  • Fadogia pobeguinii Pobég.
  • Fadogia punctulata Robyns
  • Fadogia rostrata Robyns
  • Fadogia salictaria S.Moore
  • Fadogia schmitzii Verdc.
  • Fadogia spectabilis Milne-Redh.
  • Fadogia stenophylla Welw. ex Hiern
  • Fadogia tetraquetra K.Schum. & K.Krause
  • Fadogia tomentosa De Wild.
  • Fadogia triphylla Baker
  • Fadogia variifolia Robyns
  • Fadogia verdcourtii Tennant
  • Fadogia verdickii De Wild. & T.Durand
  • Fadogia vollesenii Verdc.

References
  1. Lantz H, Bremer B (2005). "Phylogeny of the complex Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) genera Fadogia, Rytigynia, and Vangueria with close relatives and a new circumscription of Vangueria". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 253 (1–4): 159–183. doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0313-9. S2CID 30867982.
  2. "Rytigynia in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae". Retrieved October 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  3. Verstraete B, Janssens S, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Symbiotic beta-proteobacteria beyond legumes: Burkholderia in Rubiaceae". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e55260. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055260. PMC 3555867. PMID 23372845.
  4. Verstraete B, Janssens S, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Phylogenetic lineages in Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) associated with Burkholderia bacteria in sub-Saharan Africa". American Journal of Botany. 100 (12): 2380–2387. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300303. PMID 24275705.
  5. Sieber S, Carlier A, Neuburger M, Grabenweger G, Eberl L, Gademann K (2015). "Isolation and total synthesis of kirkamide, an aminocyclitol from an obligate leaf nodule symbiont" (PDF). Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 54 (27): 7968–7970. doi:10.1002/anie.201502696. PMID 26033226.
  6. Verstraete B, Van Elst D, Steyn H, Van Wyk B, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S (2011). "Endophytic bacteria in toxic South African plants: identification, phylogeny and possible involvement in gousiekte". PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e19265. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019265. PMC 3082559. PMID 21541284.

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