Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient)

This is a family tree of Chinese kings covering the period from 2697 BCE up through the end of the Spring and Autumn period in 453 BCE, before the establishment of the title emperor (皇帝) by Shi Huangdi in 257 BCE.

Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (Warring States period) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (early) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (middle) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (late)

Five Emperors

The legendary Five Emperors were traditionally regarded as the founders of the Chinese state. The Records of the Grand Historian states that Shaohao did not accede to the throne while Emperor Zhi’s ephemeral and uneventful rule disqualify him from the Five Emperors in all sources.[1] Other sources name Yu the Great, the founder of the Xia dynasty, as the last of the Five.[2] Pretenders are italicized.[3]

Ancient Five Emperors

^(1) Yellow Emperor 黃帝[4] ^(2) Shaohao 少昊 Changyi 昌意 Jiaoji 蟜極 ^(3) Zhuanxu 顓頊 ^(4) Ku 嚳 Qiongchan 窮蟬 Gu of Shu 古蜀王 □ Cheng 称 Taowu 梼杌 Wangliang 魍魉 ^(5) Zhi 挚 Xie of Shang 契 ^(6) Emperor Yao 堯 Houji 后稷 Jingkang 敬康 □ Lao Tong 老童 Danzhu 丹朱 Juwang 句望 □ Zhurong 祝融 Wuhui 吳回 Qiaoniu 橋牛 Gun 鯀 Gusou 瞽叟 ^(8) Yu 禹 Luzhong 陸終 Ehuang 娥皇 ^(7) Shun 舜 Nuying 女英 Kunwu 昆吾 Shen H 參胡 Peng Zu 彭祖 Hui Ren 會人 Ji Lian 季連 ?Cao 曹 Shangjun 商均

Xia dynasty

This is a family tree for the Xia dynasty which ruled circa 2000–1750 BC. The historicity of the dynasty has sometimes been questioned, but circumstantial archaeological evidence supports its existence.[5]

Xia dynasty
^(1) Yu the Great[6] 大禹 ^(2) Qi 啟[7] ^(3) Tai Kang 太康 ^(4) Zhong Kang 仲康 ^(5) Xiang 相 ^(6) Shaokang 少康 ^(7) Zhu 杼 ^(8) Huai 槐 ^(9) Mang 芒 ^(10) Xie 泄 ^(11) Bu Jiang 不降 ^(12) Jiong 扃 ^(14) Kong Jia 孔甲 ^(13) Jin 廑 ^(15) Gao 皋 ^(16) Fa 發 ^(17) Jie 桀

Shang dynasty

This is a family tree for the Shang dynasty, which ruled China proper between circa 1750 BC and 1046 BC.[8] The Shang rulers bore the title Di (帝）

Shang kings

Xie 契 Zhao Ming 昭明 Xiang Tu 相土 Chang Ruo 昌若 Cao Yu 曹圉 Ming 冥 Wang Hai 王亥 Wang Heng 王恒 Jia Wei 上甲微 Bao Yi 报乙 Bao Bing 报丙 Bao Ding 报丁 Zhu Ren 主壬 Zhu Kui 主癸 ^(1)Tang 湯 ^(2)Da Ding 大丁 ^(4)Wai Bing 外丙 ^(5)Zhong Ren 仲壬 ^(3)Tai Jia 太甲 ^(6)Qiang Ding 羌丁 ^(7)Da Geng 大庚 ^(8)Xiao Jia 小甲 ^(9)Yong Ji 雍己 ^(10)Da Wu 大戊 ^(11)Zhong Ding 中丁 ^(12)Wai Ren 外壬 ^(13)He Dan Jia 河亶甲 ^(14)Zu Yi 祖乙 ^(15)Zu Xin 祖辛 ^(16)Qiang Jia 羌甲 ^(17)Zu Ding 祖丁 ^(18)Nan Geng 南庚 ^(19)Yang Jia 陽甲 ^(20)Pan Geng 盤庚 ^(21)Xiao Xin 小辛 ^(22)Xiao Yi 小乙 ^(23)Wu Ding 武丁 1250–1192 BC Xiao Ji 孝己 ^(24)Zu Geng 祖庚 1192–1181 BC ^(25)Zu Jia 祖甲 1181–1159 BC ^(26)Lin Xin 廩辛 1159–1155 BC ^(27)Kang Ding 康丁 1155–1147 BC ^(28)Wu Yi 武乙 1147–1112 BC ^(29)Wen Ding 文丁 1112–1102 BC Bi Gan 比干 ^(30)Di Yi 帝乙 1101–1076 BC Kiji 微子启 Wei Zhong Yan 微仲衍 ^(31)Di Xin 帝辛 1075–1046 BC Wu Geng 武庚

Zhou dynasty

This is a family tree for the Zhou dynasty, descendants of Duke Wu of Zhou who overthrew the last Shang ruler, thereby establishing the dynasty. Ruling from 1046 BC to 256 BC, it is notable as the longest dynasty in Chinese history, although the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou.

Zhou dynasty kings

Emperor Ku 嚳 Houji 后稷 Buzhu 不窋 Ju 鞠 Duke Liu 公劉 Qingjie 慶節 Huangpu 皇僕 Chaifu 差弗 Huiyu 毀渝 Duke Fei 公非 Gaoyu 高圉 Yayu 亞圉 Gong Shu Zulei 公叔祖類 Duke Uncle Zulei Old Duke Danfu King Tai of Zhou 周太王 Jili 季歷 King Ji of Zhou Taibo 吳泰伯 (founder of Wu) Zhongyong 仲雍 (ancestor of the kings of Wu) Guo Zhong 虢仲 Guo Shu 虢叔 King Wen of Zhou 文王 (1099–1050 BC) State of Wu State of Wu Bo Yikao 伯邑考 King Wu 武王 1050/1046–1043BC Duke of Zhou 周公旦 King Cheng 成王 (1042–1021 BC) Tang Shuyu 唐叔虞 Marquis of Tang 1042–? BC Bo Qin 伯禽 King Kang 康王 (1021–995 BC) Marquis Xie of Jin 晉侯燮 State of Lu King Zhao 昭王 (995–976 BC) State of Jin King Mu 穆王 (976–921 BC) King Gong 共王 (921–909 BC) King Xiao 孝王 (884–875 BC) King Yi 懿王 (909–884 BC) King Yi 夷王 (875–864 BC) King Li 厲王 (864–841 BC) Gonghe 共和 (Regent: 841–828 BC) King Xuan 宣王 (827–782 BC) Duke Huan 鄭桓公 of Zheng 806–771 BC King Xie 携王 c. 770–750 BCE King You 幽王 (781–771 BC) Bao Si 褒姒 State of Zheng King Ping 平王 (771–720 BC) Bofu 伯服 ?–771CE Taizi Xiefu 太子泄父 King Huan 桓王 (720–697 BC) King Zhuang 莊王 (697–682 BC) King Xi 僖王 (682–677 BC) Prince Tui 王子颓 King Hui 惠王 (677–652 BC) King Xiang 襄王 (651–619 BC Prince Dai 王子带 King Qing 頃王 (618–613 BC) King Kuang 匡王 (612–607 BC) King Ding 定王 (606–586 BC) King Jian 簡王 (585–572 BC) King Ling 靈王 (571–545 BC) King Jing 景王 (544–520 BC) Prince Chao 王子朝 King Dao 悼王 (520 BC) King Jing 敬王 (520–476 BC) King Yuan 元王 (475–469 BC) King Zhending 貞定王 (468–441 BC) King Ai 哀王 (441 BC) King Si 思王 (441 BC) King Kao 考王 (440–426 BC) Duke Huan of West Zhou 西周桓公 King Weilie 威烈王 (425–402 BC) Duke Wei of West Zhou 西周威公 King An 安王 (401–376 BC) Duke Hui of West Zhou 西周惠公 Prince Ban 班 Duke Hui of East Zhou 東周惠公 King Lie 烈王 (375–369 BC) King Xian 顯王 (368–321 BC) Duke Wu of West Zhou 西周武公 King Shenjing 慎靚王 (320–315 BC) King Nan 赧王 (314–256 BC)

Spring and Autumn period

Jin

Jin state

Emperor Ku 嚳 Houji 后稷 Buzhu 不窋 Ju 鞠 Gongliu 公劉 Qingjie 慶節 Huangpu 皇僕 Chaifu 差弗 Huiyu 毀渝 Gongfei 公非 Gaoyu 高圉 Yayu 亞圉 Gongshu Zulei 公叔祖類 Duke Zulei of Shu Tai of Zhou 周太王 Jili 季歷 Wu Taibo 吳太伯 Zhongyong 仲雍 Wen of Zhou 周文王 1152-1099 –1050–1056BC State of Wu Wu of Zhou 武王 ?–(1050–)1046 –1043 BC Cheng of Zhou 周成王 1042–1021 BC Shu Yu of Tang 唐叔虞 1042–? BCE Kang of Zhou 周康王 1021–996 BC Xie of Jin 晉侯燮 Zhou dynasty Wu of Jin 晉武侯 Cheng of Jin 晉成侯 Li of Jin 晉厲侯 ?–859 BC Jing of Jin 晉靖侯 858–841 BC Xi of Jin 晉釐侯 841–823 BC Boqiao 伯僑 Xian of Jin 晉獻侯 823–812 BC □ Mu of Jin 晉穆侯 812–785 BC Shang Shu 晉殤叔 785–781BC Tu 突 Wen of Jin 晉文侯 780–746 BC Huan Shu of Quwo 曲沃桓叔 745–731 BC Zhao of Jin 晉昭侯 745–739BC Zhuang Bo of Quwo 曲沃莊伯 731–716 BCE Wuzi of Han 韩武子 Xiao of Jin 晉孝侯 739–724 BC Wu of Quwo and Jin 曲沃(晉)武公 679–677 BC Qiubo of Han 韓赇伯 E of Jin 晉鄂侯 724–718 BC Xian of Jin 晉獻公 676–651 BC Hán Jiǎn 韓简 Ai of Jin 晉哀侯 717–709 BC Min of Jin 晉侯緡 704–678 BCE Shensheng 申生 d. 655 BC Wen of Jin 重耳 697–636–628 BC Hui of Jin 晉惠公 650–637 BC Xiqi of Jin 奚齊 665–651 BC Zhuozi of Jin 卓子 d. 651 Ziyu 子舆 Xiaozi of Jin 晉小子侯 708–705 BC Xiang of Jin 晋襄公 627–621 BC Cheng of Jin 晋成公 606–600 BC Huai of Jin 晉懷公 637 BC Xianzi of Han 韩献子 Ling of Jin 晋灵公 620–607 BC Jie 桓叔捷 Jing of Jin 晋景公 599–581 BC State of Han Tan 惠伯談 Li of Jin 晋厉公 580–573 BC Dao of Jin 晉悼公 586–573-558 BC Ping of Jin 晋平公 557–532 BC Zhao of Jin 晋昭公 531–526 BC Qing of Jin 晉頃公 525–512 BC 戴子雍 Ding of Jin 晉定公 511–475 BC Ji 忌 Chu of Jin 晉出公 474–452 BC Jing of Jin 晉敬公 451–434 BC You of Jin 晉幽公 433–416 BC Lie of Jin 晉烈公 415–389 BC Huan of Jin 晉桓公 388–369 BC Jing of Jin 晉靜公 356–349 BC(?)

Cai

Cai state rulers

Shu Du of Cai 蔡叔度 Ruler of Cai 1046 BC – ? Ji Hu 姬胡 Zhong Hu of Cai 蔡仲 Ruler of Cai Ji Huang 姬荒 Earl Huang of Cai 蔡伯荒 Ruler of Cai Marquis Gōng of Cai 蔡宫侯 Ruler of Cai Marquis Li of Cai 蔡厉侯 Ruler of Cai ?–863 BC Wu of Cai 蔡武侯 Marquis of Cai ?–864–838 BC Yi of Cai 蔡夷侯 Marquis of Cai ?–838–810 BC Ji Suǒshi 姬所事 Xi of Cai 蔡僖侯 Marquis of Cai ?–810–762 BC Ji Xīng 姬興 Gòng of Cai 蔡共侯 Marquis of Cai ?–762–760 BC Dai of Cai 蔡戴侯 Marquis of Cai ?–760–750 BC Ji Cuòfu 姬措父 Xuan of Cai 蔡宣侯 Marquis of Cai ?–750–715 BC Jī Fēngrén 姫封人 Huan of Cai 蔡桓侯 Marquis of Cai ?–715–695 BC Jī Xiànwǔ 姫獻舞 Ai of Cai 蔡哀侯 Marquis of Cai ?–695–675 BC Jī Xì 姬肸 Mu of Cai 蔡穆侯 Marquis of Cai ?–675–646 BC Jī Jiǎwǔ 姬甲午 Zhuang of Cai 蔡庄侯 Marquis of Cai ?–646–612 BC Jī Shēn 姬申 Wen of Cai 蔡文侯 Marquis of Cai ?–612–592 BC Ducal Son Prince Xiè 公子燮 ?–553 BC Ducal Son Prince Lǚ 公子履 Jī Gù 姬固 Jing of Cai 蔡景侯 Marquis of Cai ?–592–543 BC Jī Bān 姬般 Ling of Cai 蔡灵侯 Marquis of Cai ?–543–531 BC 隐太子 ?–530 BC Jī Lú 姬廬 Ping of Cai 蔡平侯 Marquis of Cai ?–529–522 BC Jī Dōngguó 姬東國 Dao of Cai 蔡悼侯 Marquis of Cai ?–522–519 BC Jī Shēn 姬申 Zhao of Cai 蔡昭侯 Marquis of Cai ?–519–491 BC Marquis Zhū of Cai 蔡侯朱 Marquis of Cai ?–522–? BC Jī Shuò 姬朔 Cheng of Cai 蔡成侯 Marquis of Cai ?–491–472 BC Yuán 元 Gān 乾 Jī Chuǎn 姬産 Sheng of Cai 蔡声侯 Marquis of Cai ?–472–457 BC Yuan of Cai 蔡元侯 Marquis of Cai ?–457–451 BC Jī Qí 姬齊 Qi of Cai 蔡侯齐 Marquis of Cai ?–451–447 BC

Wu

State of Wu

Tai King of Zhou 周太王 ^(1)Taibo 太伯 ^(2) Zhongyong 仲雍 Jili King of Zhou 季歷 ^(3)Jijian 季简 Chang 昌 Wen of Zhou 周文王 1099–1152BC –1056-1050 ^(4)Shuda 叔达 Wu of Zhou ?–1046–1043BC ^(5)Zhouzhang 周章 Yuzhong 虞仲 State of Yu 虞国 Zhou dynasty ^(6)Xiongsui 熊遂 ^(7)Kexiang 柯相 ^(8)Qiangjiuyi 彊鳩夷 ^(9)Yuqiaoyiwu 餘橋疑吾 ^(10)Kelu 柯卢 ^(11) Zhouyao 周繇 ^(12) Quyu 屈羽 ^(13) Yiwu 夷吾 ^(14) Qinchu 禽处 ^(15) Zhuan 转 ^(16)Pogao 颇高 ^(17) Goubei 句卑 ^(18) Quqi 去齐 ^(19) Shoumeng 寿梦 ?–586–561 BC ^(23)Liao 僚 ?–527–515 BC Jueyou 蹶由 ^(20) Zhufan 诸樊 ?–561–548 BC ^(21) Yuji 余祭 ?–548–531 BC ^(22) Yumei 餘昧 ?–531–527 BC Yanyu 掩余 Zhuyong 烛庸 Jizha 季札 Crown Prince Zhufan 太子诸樊 Qingji 庆忌 Tong 通 ^(23) Helü 阖闾 ?–515–496 BC Fugai 夫概 ?–505 BC-? Cheng 逞 Zhonglei 终累 ^(24) Fuchai 夫差 ?–496–473 BC Zishan 子山 Crown Prince You 太子友 Prince Gucao 王子姑曹 Prince Di 王子地

References

1. Yang, 99.
2. Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 Rowman & Littlefield; 3 edition (28 Mar 2009). ISBN 978-0-7425-5798-7. p. 97.
3. Book of Han, which originates from《帝系》。
4. Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian
5. Liu, L. & Xiu, H., "Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archaeology", Antiquity, 81:314 (2007), pp. 886–901.
6. Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 Rowman & Littlefield; 3 edition (28 March 2009) ISBN 978-0-7425-5798-7 p.97.
7. Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). Huaxia Quming Yishu 華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan 知書房出版集團), 42.
8. Bamboo Annals