Flying Tiger Line Flight 739

Flying Tiger Line Flight 739 was a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation propliner chartered by the United States military that disappeared on March 16, 1962, over the Western Pacific Ocean. The aircraft was transporting 93 U.S. soldiers and three South Vietnamese from Travis Air Force Base, California to Saigon, Vietnam. After refueling at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, the Super Constellation was en route to Clark Air Base in the Philippines when it disappeared. All 107 aboard were declared missing and presumed dead.

Flying Tiger Line Flight 739
A Lockheed Constellation L-1049, similar to the aircraft that disappeared
Incident
DateMarch 16, 1962
SummaryDisappearance, possible in-flight explosion
SiteUnknown
Last known position: 13°40′N 140°0′E
Aircraft
Aircraft typeLockheed Constellation L-1049H
OperatorFlying Tiger Line
RegistrationN6921C
Flight originTravis Air Force Base (SUU)
California, United States
1st stopoverHonolulu (HNL)
2nd stopoverWake Island Airfield (AWK)
3rd stopoverGuam (UAM)
Last stopoverClark Air Base (CRK), Philippines
DestinationSaigon (SGN), Vietnam
Occupants107
Passengers96
Crew11
Fatalities107 (assumed)
Survivors0 (assumed)

The airliner's disappearance prompted one of the largest air and sea searches in the history of the Pacific. Aircraft and surface ships from four branches of the U.S. military searched more than 200,000 square miles (520,000 km2) during the course of eight days. A civilian tanker observed what appeared to be an in-flight explosion believed to be the missing Super Constellation, though no trace of wreckage or debris was ever recovered. The Civil Aeronautics Board determined that, based on the tanker's observations, Flight 739 probably exploded in-flight, though an exact cause could not be determined without examining the remnants of the aircraft. To date, this remains the worst aviation accident involving the Lockheed Constellation series.

Flight

The aircraft was a 5-year-old Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation with 17,224 airframe hours.[1] It carried 11 American civilian crew members and 96 military passengers.[2] The flight was operated by the Flying Tiger Line as Military Air Transport Service (MATS) Charter flight 739.[1]

The Super Constellation carried 93 Ranger-trained Army communications specialists en route to South Vietnam.[3] Their orders were to relieve soldiers in Saigon who had been training Vietnamese troops to fight Viet Cong guerrillas.[4] Also on board were three members of the Vietnamese military.[5] The flight crew consisted of eleven civilians based out of California, including seven men.[2] The pilot was Captain Gregory P. Thomas.[6]

The flight originated from Travis Air Force Base, California, and was destined for Saigon. There were four planned refueling stops: Honolulu, Hawaii; Wake Island; Guam; and Clark Air Base, Philippines. The flight arrived at Guam at 11:14 GMT after being delayed for minor maintenance on engines numbers 1 and 3 at Honolulu, and later at Wake Island. The aircraft departed from Guam at 12:57 GMT with an estimated time of arrival at the Philippines at 19:16 GMT.[1] The Super Constellation carried nine hours' worth of fuel for the eight-hour flight of 1,600 miles (2,600 km).[6]

Eighty minutes after departure, at 14:22 GMT, the pilot radioed a routine message and gave his position as being 280 miles (450 km) west of Guam at coordinates (13°40′N 140°0′E). The aircraft was expected to reach 14°0′N 135°0′E at 15:30. At that time, the Guam IFSS experienced temporary communication difficulties with heavy radio static. At 15:39 the Guam radio operator attempted to contact the flight for a position report but was unable to establish contact. The aircraft was not seen or heard from again.[1]

Investigation

The Clark Field Rescue Coordinating Center declared the aircraft missing the morning of March 16, 1962.[6] Navy officials reported that they believed that the aircraft had crashed closer to Guam than the Philippines. At the time of the disappearance, the weather was clear and the sea calm.[2] The Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Marines ordered aircraft and ships to the area.[6]

The first day of searching continued overnight. During the first two days of the search, vessels crisscrossed 75,000 square miles (190,000 km2) of ocean. Secretary of the Army Elvis Stahr told newspapers that "we have not given up hope that it will be found and that those aboard are safe," and that a "maximum effort" was being made.[4] After four days of searching, Major General Theodore R. Milton of the 13th Air Force told newspapers that although the chance of finding survivors was doubtful, every effort would be made "as long as there is any hope at all."[7]

Search efforts included aircraft from Guam, Clark Field, the US 7th Fleet, and the Air Force at Okinawa. Additionally surface ships and aircraft from numerous U.S. bases in the western Pacific contributed to the search efforts.[6]

After eight days, the search was called off. The search, which was at the time one of the largest to ever take place in the Pacific, had covered more than 200,000 square miles (520,000 km2) of ocean.[8]

Conspiracy theories

Flight 739 was one of two Flying Tiger Line flights with military connections that were destroyed under similar circumstances on the same day. This led both airline officials and the media to offer suggestions of sabotage and conspiracy.

Both Flight 739 and the other aircraft, an L-1049 Super Constellation, departed from Travis Air Force Base at around 09:45 PST on Wednesday, March 14, 1962, and both encountered difficulties several hours later.[9] The other aircraft was carrying "secret military cargo" when it crashed in the Aleutian Islands and caught fire.[4][9]

Flying Tiger Lines released a statement outlining some possible reasons for the two occurrences, including sabotage of either or both aircraft, and kidnapping of Flight 739 and its passengers. The airline also said that these were merely "wild guesses" and that there was no evidence to support either theory.[4][9]

Possibility of sabotage

A Liberian tanker, the SS T L Linzen, reported seeing a bright light in the sky near the aircraft's expected position about 90 minutes after the last radio contact.[10] U.S. military officials described it as being a "bright light strong enough to light a ship's decks".[3][10] It was reported that the tanker observed a flash of light approximately 500 miles (800 km) west of Guam, followed immediately by two red lights falling to the ocean at different speeds.[7]

A Civil Aeronautics Board investigation determined that witnesses aboard the tanker also observed what appeared to be vapor trails, and numerous crewmen observed the two fireballs fall into the ocean. The tanker proceeded to the location where the fireballs had been observed to impact the ocean but was unable to find any trace of the falling objects during their six-hour search.[5] A spokesman at the rescue effort headquarters in Guam said that as time passed with no sign of the aircraft, "more credence is given to the possibility that the tanker may have seen the missing aircraft explode in flight."[7]

Officials with the Flying Tiger Line said that their earlier theories of sabotage would be bolstered were the investigation to reveal that an explosion had occurred. The executive vice president of operations said that experts considered it impossible for explosions to occur on the Super-Constellation in the course of normal operation. Additionally he claimed that there was nothing powerful enough aboard the aircraft to completely blow it apart, and that "something violent must have happened."[7]

The Civil Aeronautics Board determined that, given the observations of the tanker crew, the flight most likely exploded in midair. As no part of the wreckage was ever found, the CAB was unable to establish a determination of cause. The accident report concluded:

A summation of all relevant factors tends to indicate that the aircraft was destroyed in flight. However, due to the lack of any substantiating evidence the Board is unable to state with any degree of certainty the exact fate of N 6921C.[5]

See also

References
  1. Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
  2. "U.S. Plane Lost With 107, Pacific Search Launched" (PDF). The Milwaukee Sentinel. AP. March 16, 1962. p. 1. (plaintext)
  3. "Ship Reports Bright Flash" (PDF). Eugene Register-Guard. AP. March 19, 1962. p. 4. (plaintext)
  4. "2 State Soldiers On Lost Airliner" (PDF). The Milwaukee Sentinel. (collected press dispatches). March 17, 1962. p. 4. (plaintext)
  5. "CAB report for March 15, 1962 accident involving N6921C, Docket No. n/a, File No. 1-0002" (PDF). Civil Aeronautics Board. April 8, 1963. Retrieved November 7, 2009. (a text version Archived August 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine is also available)
    (if links above fail to load report, visit http://dotlibrary.specialcollection.net and select "Historical Aircraft Accident Reports (1934–1965)", then retry report links)
  6. Carl Zimmerman (March 16, 1962). "Search Continuing For Plane Missing With 107 Aboard" (PDF). The Free-Lance Star. Fredericksburg, Virginia. AP. pp. 1, 3. (plaintext)
  7. "Flash Reported; Plane Sabotage Possible" (PDF). Spokane Daily Chronicle. (AP). March 19, 1962. p. 4. (plaintext)
  8. "Sea Search Abandoned" (PDF). Eugene Register-Guard. UP. March 23, 1962. p. 2.(plaintext)
  9. "Plane, 107 Sought" (PDF). The Evening Independent. St. Petersburg, Florida. AP. March 16, 1962. p. 1. (plaintext)
  10. "Sabotage Seen As Possibility in Lost Plane" (PDF). Ocala Star-Banner. AP. March 19, 1962. p. 13. (plaintext)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.