Foggia

Foggia (UK: /ˈfɒdʒə/,[3] US: /ˈfoʊdʒə/,[4] Italian: [ˈfɔddʒa] (listen); Foggiano: Fògge [ˈfɔddʒə]) is a city and comune of Apulia, in Southern Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. In 2013, its population was 153,143. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the "granary of Italy".

This article is about the city. For the province, see Province of Foggia.
Foggia

Fògge  (Neapolitan)
Comune
Comune di Foggia
The Villa Comunale in Foggia
Coat of arms
Foggia within the Province of Foggia
Location of Foggia
Foggia
Location of Foggia in Italy
Foggia
Foggia (Apulia)
Coordinates: 41°27′51″N 15°32′46″E
CountryItaly
Region Apulia
ProvinceFoggia (FG)
FrazioniArpinova, Incoronata, Cervaro, Tavernola, Segezia, Duanera La Rocca
Government
 • MayorFranco Landella (from 09/06/2014)
Area
 • Total507 km2 (196 sq mi)
Elevation
76 m (249 ft)
Population
 (31/12/2013)[2]
 • Total153,143
 • Density300/km2 (780/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Foggians
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
71121 - 71122 - 71100
Dialing code0881
Patron saintMadonna dei Sette Veli
Saint dayMarch 22
Websitewww.comune.foggia.it

History
Piazza Cavour in Foggia

The name "Foggia" might derive from Latin "fovea", meaning "pit", referring to the pits where wheat was stored. The name's etymology remains uncertain however, as it could as well stem from "Phocaea", or most probably from the Medieval Greek word for "fire", which is "fotia", as according to legend the original -11th-c-AD- settlers were peasants, allegedly after having [miraculously] discovered there a panel portraying the Madonna, on which three flames burnt.

The area had been settled since Neolithic times, and later on a Greek colony known as Argos Hippium existed nearby (in Greek, Ἀργόριππα or Ἀργύριπποι).

However the first document attesting the existence of the modern city dates from circa 1000 AD, during the catepanate era of Byzantine sovereignty. The area remained marshy and unhealthy, until Robert Guiscard directed draining the wetland, boosting the economic and social growth of the city. The city was the seat of Henry, Count of Monte Sant'Angelo during the last twenty years of the 11th century. In the 12th century, William II of Sicily built a cathedral here and further enlarged the settlement.

Frederick II had a palace built in Foggia in 1223, in which he often sojourned. It was also seat of his court and a studium, including notable figures such as the mathematician and scholar Michael Scot, but little of it remains now. In 1447, King Alfonso V of Aragon built a Custom Palace to tax the local sheep farmers. This caused a decline of the local economy and the progressive ruin of the land, which again became marshy. In 1456, an earthquake struck Foggia, followed by others in 1534, 1627 and 1731, the last destroying one third of the city. The House of Bourbon promoted a certain economic growth by boosting the cereal agriculture of Capitanata and rebuilding much of the settlement.

In the 19th century, Foggia received a railway station and important public monuments. The citizens also took part in the riots which led to the annexation to Italy in 1861. By 1865, there was a definitive shift from the custom of sheep farming in favour of an agricultural economy.

The historical lack of water resources was solved with the construction of the Apulian aqueduct in 1924, when Foggia was already an important hub between northern and southern Italy.

During World War II, Foggia was heavily bombed by the Allied air forces for its important airfields and marshalling yards. After the armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943, the town was briefly occupied by German troops in Operation Achse. There was some fighting there during the Allied invasion of Italy. In response to the Allied advance towards them, the German troops occupying Foggia abandoned the city on the 27th of September. By the 1st of October British troops had successfully occupied the city. In order to clear the Germans from the hills north and west of the Fogia plain and to reach the Vinchiaturo-Termoli road near the Biferno River, Britain's General Montgomery sent his British 13th Corps beyond Foggia on a two division drive, the 78th Division (sometimes known as "the Battle Axe division"[5]) moved on the coastal road to Termoli and the 1st Canadian Division struck inland through the mountains. 5th Corps followed, protecting the west flank and the rear. The German 1st parachute division had largely withdrawn to the Biferno River near Termoli and dug in. Based out of Foggia, the British launched Operation Devon and succeeded in dislodging the Nazi German forces from Termoli.[6]

In 1959 and 2006, Foggia received, respectively, the Gold Medal for Civil and Military value for its role in World War II.

Geography

Climate

Foggia has a dry summer, Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). Winter days are generally between 11-13 °C but can be as cool as single figures. Low temperatures are generally above freezing, but frosts are experienced a handful of times a year. Summers are very hot, with temperatures in July and August often reaching 33–38 °C (91–100 °F). Temperatures exceed 40 °C (104 °F) a handful of times a decade. Extremes are −10.4 °C (13 °F) on 8 January 1985 and 47 °C (117 °F) - the highest temperature recorded in Italy and one of the highest recorded in Europe - on 25 June 2007.

Climate data for Foggia ITA, 1981–2010, Extremes 1980-
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.2
(70.2)		 22.0
(71.6)		 32.0
(89.6)		 30.3
(86.5)		 36.0
(96.8)		 47.0
(116.6)		 45.2
(113.4)		 43.6
(110.5)		 43.0
(109.4)		 35.4
(95.7)		 27.0
(80.6)		 23.4
(74.1)		 47.0
(116.6)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 17.9
(64.2)		 18.5
(65.3)		 22.6
(72.7)		 25.1
(77.2)		 30.9
(87.6)		 36.3
(97.3)		 39.1
(102.4)		 38.5
(101.3)		 34.0
(93.2)		 29.3
(84.7)		 22.8
(73.0)		 18.9
(66.0)		 40.3
(104.5)
Average high °C (°F) 11.8
(53.2)		 12.5
(54.5)		 15.7
(60.3)		 19.0
(66.2)		 24.9
(76.8)		 29.4
(84.9)		 32.4
(90.3)		 32.5
(90.5)		 27.6
(81.7)		 22.7
(72.9)		 16.6
(61.9)		 12.7
(54.9)		 21.5
(70.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9)		 7.7
(45.9)		 10.3
(50.5)		 13.1
(55.6)		 18.3
(64.9)		 22.6
(72.7)		 25.6
(78.1)		 25.8
(78.4)		 21.5
(70.7)		 17.3
(63.1)		 12.1
(53.8)		 8.7
(47.7)		 15.9
(60.6)
Average low °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9)		 2.9
(37.2)		 4.9
(40.8)		 7.3
(45.1)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.9
(60.6)		 18.8
(65.8)		 19.0
(66.2)		 15.5
(59.9)		 12.0
(53.6)		 7.6
(45.7)		 4.7
(40.5)		 10.3
(50.5)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −3.0
(26.6)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 1.1
(34.0)		 5.8
(42.4)		 9.9
(49.8)		 13.1
(55.6)		 14.2
(57.6)		 10.4
(50.7)		 4.8
(40.6)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 −4.4
(24.1)
Record low °C (°F) −10.4
(13.3)		 −6.0
(21.2)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 0.3
(32.5)		 2.8
(37.0)		 6.0
(42.8)		 10.0
(50.0)		 6.4
(43.5)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −10.4
(13.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 44.60
(1.76)		 39.37
(1.55)		 41.73
(1.64)		 39.01
(1.54)		 31.52
(1.24)		 42.46
(1.67)		 21.65
(0.85)		 39.82
(1.57)		 43.15
(1.70)		 50.39
(1.98)		 48.98
(1.93)		 69.34
(2.73)		 512.03
(20.16)
Average relative humidity (%) 82.1 77.7 75.5 73.4 67.7 61.7 58.1 61.1 69.7 76.2 81.6 82.7 72.3
Source: Il Meteo[7]

Government
See also: List of mayors of Foggia

Main sights
Foggia, Cathedral from via Arpi
  • The cathedral of Santa Maria de Fovea, which is directly linked with the patron saint "Madonna dei Sette Veli" (Madonna of the Seven Veils). This site has two levels of architectural style: the lower part is Romanesque, as with many Apulian churches; the upper part is a remarkable example of Baroque. The upper part was reconstructed after an earthquake that destroyed a great part of the historical centre.
  • Palazzo Dogana, the historical seat of the sheep custom. On July 2013 this Palace was elected by UNESCO as "Messenger Monument of the Culture of Peace" for its role in the cultural exchanges during centuries.
  • Chiesa delle Croci ("Church of the Crosses").
  • I Tre Archi ("The Three Arches").
  • Arco di Federico II ("Arch of Frederick II").
  • Archaeological park of Passo di Corvo.

Economy

It is a communication and industrial center and the main wheat market of Southern Italy. Foggia is famous for its watermelons and tomatoes.[8]

Although less important than once before, the agricultural sector remains the mainstay of Foggia's economy. This area is nicknamed the "granary of Italy". The few industries present are mostly devoted to food processing. Craftsmanship is also encouraged and developed.

Transport

Foggia railway station, opened in 1864, forms part of the Adriatic Railway (Ancona–Lecce), and is the terminus of the Naples–Foggia railway. It is also a junction for several other, secondary lines, namely the Foggia–Manfredonia, Lucera–Foggia and Foggia–Potenza railways, making Foggia the most important railway junction of southern Italy and the third one of whole Italy. Foggia is served by Gino Lisa Airport,[9] which offers direct flights operated with helicopters to Tremiti Islands and Vieste.

Sport

Foggia is home to the football club Calcio Foggia 1920 S.S.D., which plays in Serie C, the third football division in Italy, for the 2020-2021 season. The club earned popular recognition in the early 1990s because of its sparking interpretation of total football led by coach Zdenek Zeman, which led to promotion to and a brief period in Serie A. The club plays at Stadio Pino Zaccheria, named after Pino Zaccheria, a local pioneer of basketball killed during World War II.

In February 2019 Foggia hosted the European Cadet and Junior Fencing Championships.[10]

Notable people

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

Twin towns – sister cities

Foggia is twinned with:[11]

The TV character Archie Bunker on All in the Family spent time in Foggia when he was in the Army Air Corps.

See also

References
  1. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Istat. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. All demographics and other statistics from the Italian statistical institute (Istat).
  3. "Foggia". Oxford Dictionaries UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  4. "Foggia". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  5. "Badge, Formation, 78th Infantry Division & 11th Infantry Brigade". Imperial War Museums. 1942-05-25. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
  6. Blumenson, Martin (15 August 2014). United States Army in WWII - the Mediterranean - Salerno to Cassino (Illus. ed.). Lucknow Books. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-78289-410-0.
  7. "Che tempo faceva a Foggia" (in Italian). ilmeteo.it. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  8. Italy World Club: Foggia, Puglia (Apulia), Italy
  9. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-02-18. Retrieved 2015-07-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. "European Fencing Championship Junior and Cadets, Foggia 2019". FoggiaFencing 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
  11. "Non solo Göppingen, ecco tutti i gemellaggi di Foggia". foggiareporter.it (in Italian). Foggia Reporter. 2018-12-18. Retrieved 2019-12-14.
  12. "KARDEŞ KENTLER | Erzurum Büyükşehir Belediyesi". Erzurum Büyükşehir Belediyesi (in Turkish). Retrieved 13 November 2020.
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