Football in Wales

Association football (Welsh: pêl-droed) is one of the most popular sports in Wales, along with rugby union.[1][2][3] Wales has produced club teams of varying fortunes since the early birth of football during the Victorian period, and in 1876 a Wales national football team played their first international match. Football has always had a close rivalry with the country's de facto national sport rugby union, and it is much discussed as to which is Wales' more popular game. The Football Association of Wales (FAW), was established in 1876 to oversee the Wales national team and govern the sport in Wales, later creating and running the Welsh football league system.[4]

"Pêl-droed" redirects here. Pêl-droed may also refer to the word for association football in Welsh.
Football in Wales
CountryWales
Governing bodyFootball Association of Wales
National team(s)men's national team
National competitions
Club competitions
International competitions

Welsh professional club teams traditionally played in the same leagues as their English counterparts, structured into regional divisions. This often resulted in teams from north and south Wales not facing each other as the transport links between the two regions were poor. In 1992 the Cymru Premier was formed to create a national league. Five Welsh clubs refused to join, but despite this the teams that come top of the Cymru Premier have a greater chance of playing in European competition, as the top three clubs are drawn into the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. They also have the opportunity to compete in the Welsh Cup, the most prestigious cup competition in Welsh football.

Until 2016 the Wales national team rarely qualified for the major international tournaments with its only appearance in the World Cup occurring in 1958. However, they reached the semi-finals of UEFA Euro 2016 and qualified for UEFA Euro 2020. This has led to some world-renowned players from Wales not being seen at the biggest international tournaments, though many of them have made a name for themselves at club level. Welsh players of note include Trevor Ford, Cliff Jones, John Charles, Ian Rush, Mark Hughes, Neville Southall, Ryan Giggs, Aaron Ramsey and Gareth Bale[5] while in Wales Ivor Allchurch, Fred Keenor and Jack Kelsey are cherished.[6]

Dragon Park, the Wales National Football Development Centre, is located in Newport.[7][8][9]

History

The game that would become Association football was first codified in Britain in the mid-19th century, and by the 1860s and 1870s became established in industrial towns in the Midlands and north of England. The north Wales towns of Wrexham and Ruabon also adopted the sport in this era.[10] This interest led to the formation of the Football Association of Wales (FAW) in 1876 by Welsh solicitor Llewelyn Kenrick and this was followed in 1877 by the creation of the Welsh Cup.[11] In 1877 the FAW formed the first Wales national football team who played their first game that year, losing 4–0 away to Scotland.[12]

The Wrexham area was the centre of football in Wales for the first twenty years, with the south of the country preferring to follow the emerging sport of rugby union. The first time an international game was held in the south was in 1894, hosted in Swansea, which was the 46th match the Wales team had played. More telling in the north / south divide that existed in the sport was that it was not until the 67th fixture that the first southern player was selected for the national team.[10] The 1890s and early 1900s saw an increase in competitive association football in south Wales, but the success of the Wales rugby team in the 1893 Home Nations Championship and the defeat of the 1905 New Zealand team saw football kept as a secondary sport in the area. The modern era of association football in Wales is agreed to have begun during the 1909–10 season when the first of six teams from the south joined the Southern Football League.[10] Wrexham F.C. had already joined the Birmingham and District League during the 1905–06 season, but the introduction of Swansea, Newport, Ton Pentre, Merthyr Tydfil, Aberdare and Riverside into the Southern Leagues saw an increase in popularity of the sport in Wales. This was cemented with vital wins in the league and then in 1915, Swansea's surprise win over the then reigning League Champions, Blackburn Rovers F.C. in the FA Cup.

In May 2012 the FAW, Scottish Football Association and the Football Association of Ireland formally declared an interest in co-hosting UEFA Euro 2020.[13]

The two major trophies for Welsh club teams playing in England are the 1927 FA Cup for Cardiff City and the 2013 League Cup trophy for Swansea City.

League system
Main article: Welsh football league system

Cymru Premier

The Cymru Premier, formerly named the League of Wales and the Welsh Premier League, was founded in 1992 as Wales did not have a national league at that time.[14][15] Teams relegated from the Cymru Premier are either relegated to the Cymru North (Northern Wales) or the Cymru South (Southern Wales). Originally the Premier league had 18 teams, but from the 2010–11 season onwards there have been only 12, following a proposal by the clubs in the League.[16]

Northern Wales

Northern Wales has a league at Tier 2 level—the Cymru North, which has a feeder league structure of its own with two regional leagues feeding it—the FAW League One North 1 and 2 (covering all of the north including Wrexham). Again, the champions or runners-up of these leagues can be promoted given suitable ground facilities.

Below these third tier leagues are even more localised leagues: in Central Wales there are three leagues feeding into the Mid Wales League (covering Ceredigion and Powys, Montgomeryshire, and Mid Wales South areas respectively), while below League One North 1 and 2 there are the North Wales Coast East & West leagues' Premier Divisions and the North East Wales League's Premier Division, and these even have feeder leagues of their own such as the former's First Divisions and the latter's Championship.

Southern Wales

In the south, the Tier 2 level league is the Cymru South—which has promotion from the two other divisions of League One—this covers the whole of the southern Wales geographical area, and it is not until the fourth tier of the pyramid that local leagues appear. Promotion to, and relegation from League One is structured, as in the north, on three regional football associations (Gwent FA, South Wales FA, and West Wales FA). Each can send one promoted team into League One. This is straightforward enough in the Gwent FA area, where there is one senior league, the Gwent County League, whose champions (or runners-up) are eligible, if they satisfy FAW criteria. (Below the three divisions of the Gwent County, there are the Newport and District, East Gwent, Central Gwent and North Gwent leagues)

The South Wales FA area is more complicated however, as this region has two senior leagues of identical status covering the same area, each with two divisions—the South Wales Senior League and the South Wales Amateur League but in the 2015–16 season the two divisions merged to become the South Wales Alliance League—whereby the champions could be promoted to League One subject to meeting criteria. Below these two leagues are local leagues in the towns and cities of South Wales, the champions of which may play off to be promoted into the South Wales Alliance.

The West Wales FA area has its own Premier League since its creation before the 2020–21 season and until then that FA was the only one not to have set up a senior league in its area – this means that there are four local leagues (Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire, Swansea and Neath & District) with all their champions potentially having to play-off for the one available promotion place. However, as few west Wales clubs can face the prospect of the travelling implications of moving up to the Premier League, this four-way play-off idea is in theory rather than practice. The latest clubs to gain promotion from this region were Llansawel in 2006 (from the Neath & District League), West End in 2005 (from the Swansea Senior League), Ystradgynlais in 2004 (from the Neath & District League), Cwmamman United in 2002 (from the Neath & District League) and Garden Village in 1999 (from the Carmarthenshire League).

Welsh teams in the English leagues

Swansea City and Cardiff City presently play in the EFL Championship, while Newport County compete in League 2. Wrexham and Merthyr Town play their football in feeder leagues. These five teams have all played in the English football league system since their founding, and all declined the offer to move into the League of Wales, now known as the Cymru Premier, when it was founded in 1992.[17] However, the Welsh teams Bangor City, Barry Town, Caernarfon Town, Colwyn Bay, Newtown and Rhyl did move into the Welsh league system from the English league system. Welsh teams participating in the English football league system can enter the English FA Cup competition, but not the Welsh Cup.

Welsh teams participating below level 4 of the English football league system are governed by the FAW for disciplinary and administrative matters, whereas Welsh teams at level 4 and above of the English football league system are administered by the English FA for the 2011–12 season onwards.[18]

From 1996 to 2011, the FAW only allowed teams in the Welsh league system to enter the Welsh Cup. Prior to 1996, Welsh teams playing in the English league system were invited to participate along with some English teams located near the Welsh border. As this rule excluded the biggest Welsh clubs from the Welsh Cup, the FAW launched the FAW Premier Cup in the 1997–98 season to include the top Welsh Premier League teams and the top Welsh teams in the English league system. The FAW Premier Cup was discontinued after the 2007–08 season. On 20 April 2011, the Football Association of Wales invited the six Welsh clubs playing in the English league system to rejoin the Welsh Cup for the 2011–12 season with Newport County, Wrexham and Merthyr Town accepting.[19] The invitation was not offered for the 2012–13 season.

There are also a number of English-based teams in the Welsh leagues, see List of association football clubs playing in the league of another country.

Cup Competitions

Qualification for European competitions
Competition Who Qualifies Notes
UEFA Champions League second qualifying roundChampions of Cymru Premier
UEFA Europa League first qualifying roundRunner-up of Cymru Premier
Winner of UEFA Europa League play-off (3–7 place in league)		8th place will take place of a domestic cup winner who finishes in 3–7 place
UEFA Europa League second qualifying roundWinners of Welsh Cup

Women's football
Main article: Women's football in Wales

Female football is thriving in Wales. The women's national football team has yet to qualify for a World Cup or European Championship.

See also

Bibliography
  • Stead, Phil. Red Dragons: The Story of Welsh Football. (ISBN 9781784612368)
  • Risoli, Mario. When Pelé Broke Our Hearts: Wales and the 1958 World Cup. (ISBN 1-902719-02-6)
  • Burnell, Nick. Trailing Clouds of Glory: Welsh Football's Forgotten Heroes of 1976.

References
  1. Hannah Verdier. "In Wales the Ball is Round: is football the real national sport? | Television & radio". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  2. "Wales: Football? Rugby? Or can it be both?". BBC News. 10 October 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  3. "Is football now bigger than rugby in Wales?". The Spectator. 25 June 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  4. "Stori Pêl-droed Cymru | S4C". S4c.cymru. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  5. "Wales's biggest European success stories". UEFA. 29 March 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  6. correspondent, Rob Phillips BBC Wales football. "Euro 2016: Will past failures inspire Wales to glory at this summer's championships?". Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  7. "Exciting future for Wales as youngsters excel". When Saturday Comes. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  8. uefa.com. "Member associations - Wales - News – UEFA.com". Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  9. "Wales open new £5m development centre in Newport". BBC Sport. 20 April 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  10. Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Menna, Baines; Lynch, Peredur I., eds. (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 294–296. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
  11. "The Story of Welsh Football: 1877-1879". wrexham.gov.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  12. "The Story of Welsh Football". wrexham.gov.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  13. Scotl, John Barnes BBC. "Euro 2020: Ireland, Scotland and Wales eye joint bid as hosts". Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  14. "Welsh clubs in Europe". Welsh Premier League. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  15. Doyle, Paul (29 June 2015). "Welsh football is in weird and wonderful league of its own but game is on the up - Paul Doyle". Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  16. Daily, WSC. "When Saturday Comes - The struggles facing the Welsh Premier League". Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  17. Goldblatt, David (30 October 2014). "The Game of Our Lives: The Meaning and Making of English Football". Penguin UK. Retrieved 6 July 2016 – via Google Books.
  18. Scott, Matt (6 May 2011). "Football Association breaks Welsh jurisdiction over Cardiff and Swansea". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  19. "County's Welsh Cup exile over". South Wales Argus. 9 July 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
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