Gentiana verna

Gentiana verna, the spring gentian, is a species of the genus Gentiana and one of its smallest members, normally only growing to a height of a few centimetres.

Gentiana verna
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Gentianaceae
Genus: Gentiana
Species:
G. verna
Binomial name
Gentiana verna

The short stem supports up to three opposing pairs of elliptical or lanceolate leaves. The conspicuous vivid blue (sometimes purplish-red or rarely white)[1] flowers are 1–2 cm in diameter, with a deeply five-lobed corolla; they are produced in late spring to early summer.[1] The flowers attract butterflies and bees (particularly bumblebees) for pollination. Ants are responsible for the spreading of its seeds.

Distribution
Population of Spring Gentians

G. verna is one of the most widespread gentians, found on sunny alpine meadows throughout Eurasia from Ireland to Russia. It is common in central and southeastern Europe, such as in low mountain ranges like the Jura and Balkans, and up to an altitude of 2,600 metres (8,500 ft). It is also to be found in mountainous regions ranging from the High Atlas of Morocco to the mountains of Turkey, Iraq and Iran. In northern Europe, it is very rare, confined to Teesdale in northern England and a handful of locations in western Ireland.[1] It tends to thrive on dry meadows with chalky soil; it is also known to grow in silicaceous soils. Its scarcity has led to protection in a number of European countries as an endangered species.

Symbolism

It is the county flower of Durham in the United Kingdom.[2] It was first found in Britain by John Harriman.[3]

A drawing of Gentiana verna by Holly Somerville is the logo for the botany department in Trinity College Dublin.[4]

Gentiana verna appeared on the design of a Great Britain stamp, issued in 1964 to mark the 10th International Botanical Congress held in Edinburgh.

A number of superstitions are associated with the Spring Gentian. For example, it is considered bad luck to bring the gentian into a house, as the individual would risk being struck by lightning. Also, folklore suggested that death would follow if the flower was ever picked.

Writer and botanist Stevan Jakovljević eulogized the flower in its Latin name at the end of his trilogy Srpska trilogija which writes of the Serbian soldiers who died during the Battle of Kajmakčalan and the Macedonian front during World War I (the flower grows on the soldiers' graves in the mountains of Kajmakčalan).

The flower is associated with the Alps, and gave its name to the trans-Alpine Blauer Enzian ("Blue Gentian") express train between Germany and Austria.[5]

References
  1. Pardoe, H. S. Mountain Plants of the British Isles. National Museum of Wales. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-7200-0423-6.
  2. Plantlife website County Flowers page Archived 2015-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
  3. Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1890). "Harriman, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  4. "plant sciences at Trinity College Dublin". blogspot.ie. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  5. "Buy flowers online". Saturday, 24 August 2019
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