George Pomutz

George Pomutz (in Romanian: Gheorghe Pomuț, in Hungarian: Pomucz György or Pomutz György; May 31, 1818 – October 12, 1882) was a Hungarian-born Romanian-American officer during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 against the Habsburgs, a general in the Union Army in the American Civil War, and a diplomat.

George Pomutz
George Pomutz
Born(1818-05-31)May 31, 1818
Gyula, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire
DiedOctober 12, 1882(1882-10-12) (aged 64)
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Place of burial
Smolensky Cemetery, Saint Petersburg, Russia
AllegianceKingdom of Hungary
United States of America
Service/branchHonved Army
Union Army
Years of service1861–1865 (USA)
RankCaptain (Hungary)
Lieutenant Colonel
Bvt. Brigadier General
Unit15th Iowa Infantry Regiment
Commands held(Provisional) Iowa Battalion
Provost Marshal, XVII Corps
Battles/warsHungarian Revolution of 1848
American Civil War
Other workU.S. Consul

Early life

George Pomutz was born in the Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire, in the town of Gyula (Romanian: Giula), Békés county, to ethnic Romanian orthodox parents Ioan (son of Dica, metalsmith) and Victoria, the family originally from Négyfalu (Săcele, Siebendörfer), near Brassó (Brașov, Kronstadt) in Transylvania, settling in Gyula during the second half of the 18th century. His baptism record was registered under no. 63 at the Romanian orthodox church Sfântul Nicolae, located in Miklosvaros (Nagy román város / Big Romanian town), situated in the NE part of Gyula; it also notes that a copy of this document was solicited and obtained from the church on June 27, 1857. He received his primary and secondary education in Hungary, followed by the Military Academy in Vienna and Military Academy Saint Etienne (France). He spoke about 5-6 language and later specialized in France where he became a royal prosecutor. He served as a captain in the failed Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Afterwards, in 1849, he emigrated to the United States; arriving in New York on February 24, 1850, alongside 20 acquaintances. The group of immigrants, Romanians and Hungarians, settled around the town of Keokuk, Iowa, founding a settlement named New Buda located south of the town of Burlington. George Pomutz became a U.S. citizen on March 15, 1855. He purchased land and a mining concession, the 1860 U.S. Census finding him living in Decatur, Iowa.[2]

Civil War

At the beginning of the Civil War, Pomutz enrolled in the Union Army as a first lieutenant in the 15th Iowa Infantry Regiment.[1] He was wounded at the Battle of Shiloh. In May 1864, after Pomutz had commanded the provisional Iowa Battalion, Maj. Gen. Francis P. Blair appointed Pomutz as Provost Marshal of his XVII Corps. In August 1864, Pomutz returned to the 15th Iowa Infantry, which he commanded in the Battle of Atlanta.

On May 4, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Pomutz for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on May 18, 1866.[3]

Postbellum career

After the end of the Civil War, Pomutz returned to Keokuk. On February 16, 1866, he was appointed Consul of the United States in Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia, serving in that capacity until September 30, 1870. During that period, he was involved in the negotiations for the Alaska Purchase.[4] Later he became the American consul general in Saint Petersburg, serving from June 17, 1874, until his death there, in 1882. He was buried in Smolensky Cemetery, Saint Petersburg, Russia but his grave seems to have disappeared, possibly after the re-purposing of cemetery lands by the Bolsheviks, after the 1917 Russian Revolution.[5]

Legacy

The Liberty ship SS George Pomutz was named after him. Launched August 3, 1944, the ship served till 1970.

On August 14, 2004, a statue of Pomutz was unveiled at the Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral in Cleveland, Ohio.

A street in Timișoara, Romania bears his name.

Quotation
Memorial tablet of Pomutz in Gyula, Hungary

From the address by Emil Constantinescu, President of Romania, at a Joint Meeting of the United States Congress, July 15, 1998:[6]

I would like to close with a true story. One hundred and fifty years ago, a young Romanian who had fought for freedom in the 1848 revolution, emigrated to America. His name was George Pomutz, which in Romanian means "little tree." Once on American soil, he volunteered for Lincoln's Army and fought in some of the key battles of the Civil War including Vicksburg and Atlanta. Our "little tree" went on to become a general in your army and later an American diplomat, serving in Russia where he helped negotiate the American purchase of Alaska. In 1944, long after his death, the Romanian community in the United States donated money to build a battleship, named for Romanian-American General George Pomutz. The ship named for the "little tree" served in peace and war, always a symbol of strength and vigilance.

See also

References
  1. Wertsman, Vladimir F. Romanian americans . everyculture.com
  2. 1860 US Census, Decatur, Iowa. commons.wikimedia.org (JPG image).
  3. Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1. p. 755.
  4. Flaviu Vasile, Rus, ed. (2018). The cultural and diplomatic relations between Romania and the United States of America. 1880-1920. Cluj-Napoca: Mega Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 978-606-543-970-2.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  5. http://romanintezet.hu/files/lumina/Lumina%201999_k.pdf
  6. http://transilvaniareporter.ro/actualitate/alaska-o-afacere-intre-americani-si-rusi-intermediata-de-un-roman/ Alaska: o afacere între americani şi ruşi, intermediată de un român (in Romanian)

Further reading
  • Demetrius Dvoichenko-Markov (1955), A Rumanian Priest in Colonial America, American Slavic and East European Review, Vol. 14, No. 3. (October, 1955), pp. 383–389. doi:10.2307/3000947
  • Fillman, George (1996), George Pomutz: A Romanian soldier of distinction in the American Civil War, 1861-1865, ISBN 9739747388
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