Georges Ruggiu

Georges Henri Yvon Joseph Ruggiu (born 12 October 1957 in Verviers, Belgium) was a presenter on the Rwandan radio station Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines, which played a significant role in promoting the genocide against the Tutsi.[1] Like the station's other broadcasters, Ruggiu incited violence against Tutsi and moderate Hutu over the air. Ruggiu eventually pleaded guilty to charges of incitement to commit genocide and in 2000 was sentenced to 12 years in prison by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. An Italian-Belgian who became involved in Rwandan politics two years before the genocide, Ruggiu was the only non-Rwandan charged with involvement in the genocide.[2][3][4]

Georges Ruggiu
Born (1957-10-12) 12 October 1957
Verviers, Belgium
OccupationRadio presenter (animateur), journalist
Conviction(s)Incitement to genocide
Criminal penalty12 years in prison

Life in Belgium

Ruggiu's mother was a Belgian teacher, his father an Italian fireman.[2] Until the age of 35 he lived at home[5] and worked in Verviers, first as "a counsellor for young drug addicts and then as a teacher for mentally handicapped children".[2] In 1992 he moved to the city of Liège, commuting to Brussels to work in a social security office.[2] In Liège he "befriended a Rwandan Hutu, was drawn into the Rwandan expatriate community and was soon seen in the company of Rwandan diplomats and officials of President Juvénal Habyarimana's party, the MRND".[5] He began visiting Rwanda,[2] and moved there in 1993.

Participation in genocide

From January to July 1994, prior to and during the genocide, Ruggiu worked in Kigali, Rwanda, as a journalist and producer for Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM). Ruggiu had no experience in journalism and did not speak Kinyarwanda.[2][6] RTLM was one of the chief sources of extremist Hutu propaganda, broadcasting twenty-four hours a day and openly exhorting its audience to kill Tutsis and "disloyal" Hutus. Ruggiu personally wrote and broadcast much content of this nature, relentlessly egging on his listeners that the "graves were waiting to be filled".[2] Ruggiu personally broadcast programs inciting Hutus to commit murder or serious attacks against Tutsi rebels, whom he called "cockroaches".[7] He also encouraged persecution of these Tutsi, and moderate Hutu and Belgian citizens in the area.[1] Airtime filled by Ruggiu accounted for approximately 8% of RTLM's broadcasts.[8]

Although some of his defenders have suggested that Ruggiu did not know exactly what was going on around him in Rwanda, this opinion is sharply disputed by Rwandan Genocide scholar Alison Des Forges: "It is beyond belief that Ruggiu did not know [what was going on] ... The tone of Mille Collines became more and more violent and witnesses say Ruggiu was living at the army barracks in Kigali and eating in the mess. He was hanging out with those that did the killing."[2]

Capture, trial, and sentencing

After the genocide Ruggiu fled to refugee camps in Zaire and Tanzania and then to Kenya, where he converted to Islam and adopted the name Omar. He "joined a Somali community in Mombasa"[2] and was "on the verge of fleeing to Iraq" when he was arrested by Kenyan police in 1997.[5]

On 23 July 1997 Ruggiu was arrested in Mombasa at the request of the prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and moved to the site of the tribunal in Arusha, Tanzania.[1] Ruggiu was charged with "direct and public incitement to commit genocide" and "crimes against humanity (persecution)".[9] During his three-year-long trial, Ruggiu expressed regret for his part in events, saying, "I admit that it was indeed a genocide and that unfortunately I took part in it."[10] Ruggiu acknowledged his role in the genocide, admitting that he:

... incited murders and caused serious attacks on the physical and/or mental well-being of members of the Tutsi population with the intention of destroying, in whole or in part, an ethnic or racial group.[4]

He accepted responsibility for his actions, stating "certain people were killed in Rwanda in 1994 and that I was responsible and culpable".[10] Ruggiu detailed the inner workings of Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines, stating the radio station was used to convey "the ideology and plans of Hutu extremists in Rwanda".[4]

On 15 May 2000 Ruggiu pleaded guilty to both charges of indictment, and was sentenced to twelve years in prison by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda for incitement to commit genocide.[11] He received a relatively short sentence, after agreeing to testify against three suspects who allegedly used the media, most notably RTLM, to fuel the genocide in Rwanda.[12] Rwanda protested the sentence as inadequate.[10]

In February 2008, Ruggiu was flown to Italy to serve out the rest of his 12-year sentence in his country of citizenship.[3] On 21 April 2009, Ruggiu was granted early release by the Italian authorities,[13] a violation of the ICTR Statute.

References
  1. "Trial Watch: Georges Ruggiu". TRIAL. 25 April 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-12-01. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  2. "The voice of terror". The Independent. London. 2000-05-30. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  3. "Italian Rwanda convict flown home". BBC News. 28 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
  4. "'Hate radio' journalist confesses". BBC News. 15 May 2000. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  5. Black, Ian (2000-06-02). "Broadcaster jailed for inciting genocide". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2009-05-05.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. "Rwanda 2000: Country report". Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  8. Thompson, Allan (Ed.) (2007). Kimani, Mary: RTLM: the Medium that Became a Tool for Mass Murder. In "The Media and the Rwanda Genocide". Pluto Press, Fountain Publishers, IDRC. p. 116. ISBN 0-74532-625-0. Retrieved 19 March 2013.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  9. "Case Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: Summary of judgments against the accused". Human Rights Watch. February 2004. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  10. "Rwanda protests at 'lenient' sentence". BBC News. 1 June 2000. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  11. "ICTR - Georges Ruggiu, journalist". Fondation Hirondelle. 17 June 2000. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  12. "Convicted ex-radio presenter has mental problems, defence suggests". Fondation Hirondelle. 5 March 2002. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  13. TRIAL International: Georges Ruggiu
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