Gerald Kaufman

Sir Gerald Bernard Kaufman (21 June 1930 – 26 February 2017) was a British Labour politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 until his death in 2017, first for Manchester Ardwick and then for Manchester Gorton. He was a government minister in the 1970s and a member of the Shadow Cabinet in the 1980s. Knighted in 2004, he became Father of the House in 2015 and was the oldest sitting MP of the UK Parliament at the time of his death.

The Right Honourable Sir Gerald Kaufman
Kaufman in December 2003
Father of the House of Commons
In office 7 May 2015 – 26 February 2017
Preceded by	Peter Tapsell
Succeeded by	Kenneth Clarke
Chair of the Culture, Media and Sport Committee[1]
In office 17 April 1992 – 12 July 2005
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	John Whittingdale
Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
In office 13 July 1987 – 24 July 1992
Leader	Neil Kinnock
Preceded by	Denis Healey
Succeeded by	Jack Cunningham
Shadow Home Secretary
In office 31 October 1983 – 13 July 1987
Leader	Neil Kinnock
Preceded by	Roy Hattersley
Succeeded by	Roy Hattersley
Shadow Secretary of State for Environment
In office 8 December 1980 – 31 October 1983
Leader	Michael Foot
Preceded by	Roy Hattersley
Succeeded by	Jack Cunningham
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Environment
In office 8 March 1974 – 12 June 1975
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Prime Minister	Harold Wilson
Succeeded by	Ernest Armstrong
Member of Parliament for Manchester Gorton
In office 9 June 1983 – 26 February 2017
Preceded by	Kenneth Marks
Succeeded by	Afzal Khan
Member of Parliament for Manchester Ardwick
In office 18 June 1970 – 13 May 1983
Preceded by	Leslie Lever
Succeeded by	Constituency abolished
Personal details
Born	Gerald Bernard Kaufman 21 June 1930 Leeds, England, UK
Died	26 February 2017 (aged 86)
Political party	Labour
Alma mater	Queen's College, Oxford

He was known for his forthright views, but very rarely voted against the Labour Party whip, thus his two rebellions carried greater weight. Kaufman was a critic of the state of Israel and came under criticism himself during the 2009 parliamentary expenses scandal.

Early life

Kaufman was born in Leeds, the youngest of seven children of Louis and Jane Kaufman. His parents were both Polish Jews who moved to England before the First World War. He was educated at Leeds Grammar School,[2] and graduated with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics from the University of Oxford (Queen's College). During his time there, he was Secretary of the University Labour Club, where he prevented Rupert Murdoch from standing for office because he broke the Society's rule against canvassing.[3]

Early career

He was assistant general secretary of the Fabian Society (1954–55), a leader writer on the Daily Mirror (1955–64) and a journalist on the New Statesman (1964–65). He was Parliamentary Press Liaison Officer for the Labour Party (1965–70) and eventually became a member of Prime Minister Harold Wilson's informal "kitchen cabinet".[4]

In the 1955 general election Kaufman had unsuccessfully contested the then Conservative-held seat of Bromley (the seat of then-Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan), and in the 1959 general election, Gillingham.[4]

He became a writer, contributing to BBC Television's satirical television comedy programme That Was The Week That Was in 1962 and 1963,[2][5] where he was most remembered for the "silent men of Westminster" sketch. He appeared as a guest on its successor, Not So Much a Programme, More a Way of Life.[4]

Member of Parliament

Kaufman was elected MP for Manchester Ardwick at the 1970 general election; he switched constituency to Manchester Gorton at the 1983 election, following the major changes in parliamentary boundaries in that year. He remained MP for Gorton until his death,[6] notwithstanding considerable demographic changes that resulted in Muslim voters becoming an influential segment of the electorate.[7][8]

He was a junior minister throughout Labour's time in power from 1974 to 1979, first in the Department for the Environment (1974–75) under Anthony Crosland, then in the Department of Industry under Eric Varley (Minister of State, 1975–79). He was made a member of the Privy Council in 1978. After his re-election to the Commons in 2015, just before his 85th birthday, he became the Father of the House following the retirement of Sir Peter Tapsell.[9]

Shadow Cabinet

Kaufman as Shadow Foreign Secretary with Taha Yassin Ramadan in Iraq in 1988

In opposition, Kaufman was the Shadow Environment Secretary (1980–83), Shadow Home Secretary (1983–87) and Shadow Foreign Secretary (1987–92).[2] He dubbed the Labour Party's left-wing 1983 election manifesto "the longest suicide note in history".[10] In 1992 he went to the back benches and became Chair of what was then the National Heritage Select Committee.[11]

Influential back-bencher

He chaired the Select Committee for Culture, Media and Sport, formerly the Select Committee on National Heritage (1992–2005), and was a member of the Parliamentary Committee of the Parliamentary Labour Party (1980–92), of the Labour Party National Executive Committee (1991–92), and of the Royal Commission on House of Lords Reform (1999).[2] In 1997, Kaufman criticised the then Chief Executive of the Royal Opera House Mary Allen over alleged financial misconduct, which ultimately contributed to her tendering her resignation.[12]

Kaufman only voted against the Labour whip twice: the first time on the provision in the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 to introduce an extra requirement[13] in the process for private prosecutors seeking to obtain an arrest warrant for "universal jurisdiction" offences such as war crimes, torture and crimes against humanity; the second time against the Welfare Reform Bill 2015.[14] He voted with the government on the 2003 invasion of Iraq saying in Parliament "Even though all our hearts are heavy, I have no doubt that it is right to vote with the Government tonight".[15]

Kaufman was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2004 Birthday Honours for services to Parliament.[16]

On 25 May 2010, during the Queen's Speech debate, Kaufman accused the Liberal Democrat candidate for his constituency during the 2010 general election, Qassim Afzal, of running "an anti-Semitic, and personally anti-Semitic, election campaign" in Manchester Gorton.[17]

Parliamentary expenses scandal

Kaufman was implicated in the 2009 expenses scandal, where a number of British MPs made excessive expense claims, misusing their permitted allowances and expense accounts.[18]

Kaufman was found to have submitted expense claims that included £8,865 for a 40-inch LCD television, £1,851 for an antique rug imported from New York, and £225 for a rollerball pen. He blamed his self-diagnosed obsessive compulsive disorder for his claims, and also said that his condition led him to purchase a pair of Waterford Crystal grapefruit bowls on his parliamentary expenses.[19] Between 2005 and 2007, Kaufman claimed £28,834 for home improvements. He was subsequently summoned to the Parliamentary Fees Office to explain these claims, and in the end was reimbursed £15,329. He was also challenged over regular claims for "odd jobs", which he submitted without receipts at a rate of £245 per month, then £5 below the limit for unreceipted expenses, to which he replied by asking why these expenses were being queried.[20]

Opinions

Gerald Kaufman by Trog

Kaufman wrote many books and articles. Some are political: How to be a Minister (1980) is an irreverent look at the difficulties faced by ministers trying to control the civil service.[21] Some are cultural: Meet Me in St Louis is a study of the 1944 Judy Garland film.[22] He contributed a chapter about John Hodge, the Labour MP for Manchester Gorton elected in 1906, to Men Who Made Labour, edited by Alan Haworth and Diane Hayter.[23]

Kaufman was an outspoken opponent of hunting with hounds. In 2004, he was assaulted by a group of pro-fox hunting campaigners and said that he was subjected to antisemitic taunts. These he said he found ironic as he had recently been accused of being a self-hating Jew by a member of the Board of Deputies of British Jews.[24]

He opposed Barack Obama, saying that U.S. voters did not "know a phoney when they see one" and adding: "If they did, Barack Obama would not be president".[25]

Kaufman was one of 48 Labour MPs to vote against the second reading of the government's Welfare Reform and Work Bill, which included £12bn in welfare cuts, on 20 July 2015. In doing so they defied the party's leadership, which had ordered MPs to abstain.[26]

Criticism of Israel

Kaufman was a member of the Jewish Labour Movement (formerly Poale Zion),[27][28] a Zionist group affiliated with the UK Labour Party, and was fiercely critical of Israel.

In 1988, on the 40th anniversary of the State of Israel, while Shadow Foreign Secretary, Kaufman appeared on the television discussion programme After Dark. A representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization in London was also on the panel, and The Daily Telegraph considered that Kaufman risked a backlash from British Jews by appearing alongside a supporter of Yasser Arafat.[29]

In 2002, he called Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon "a war criminal".[30][31] who had reduced Israel to an "international pariah".[32] Kaufman once publicly vowed to never again visit Israel, but in 2002 retracted that promise in order to film a BBC television documentary,[33] The End of the Affair, in which he recounted his youthful infatuation with Israel and his eventual disillusionment.[34]

During Israel's military operation codenamed Defensive Shield in April 2002, Kaufman gave a speech to the House of Commons, saying in part:

It is time to remind Sharon that the Star of David belongs to all Jews, not to his repulsive Government. His actions are staining the star of David with blood. The Jewish people, whose gifts to civilised discourse include Einstein and Epstein, Mendelssohn and Mahler, Sergei Eisenstein and Billy Wilder, are now symbolised throughout the world by the blustering bully Ariel Sharon, a war criminal implicated in the murder of Palestinians at the Sabra and Shatila camps and now involved in killing Palestinians once again.[35]

Economic sanctions against Israel

In July 2004, Kaufman wrote an article in The Guardian entitled "The case for sanctions against Israel: What worked with apartheid can bring peace to the Middle East" in which he proposed economic sanctions against Israel.[36]

Kaufman criticised Israel for the deaths of British citizens Tom Hurndall and James Miller. In 2006, he called for the Israeli soldiers responsible to be handed over and tried in Britain, or before an international war crimes tribunal and stated that economic sanctions would have to be considered if Israel refused to cooperate.[37]

In June 2009, he compared Israel's "oppression" of the Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank to South Africa under apartheid and Iran. He described Iran as a "loathsome regime", but said that, unlike Israel, "at least it keeps its totalitarian theocracy to within its own borders" and that the close proximity of affluent Israeli settlers to impoverished Palestinians was more "heart-rending" than conditions in South Africa during apartheid as the bantustans were "some distance away from the affluent areas". He also said that Israel should follow the lead of the British Armed Forces from their conduct in Northern Ireland during the Troubles.[38]

Holocaust

During the Gaza War in January 2009, he gave a speech to the House of Commons where he stated: "The present Israeli government ruthlessly and cynically exploits the continuing guilt from Gentiles over the slaughter of Jews in the Holocaust as justification for their murder of Palestinians".[39][40][41] About his own family experience, he said: "My grandmother was ill in bed when the Nazis came to her home town. A German soldier shot her dead in her bed. My grandmother did not die to provide cover for Israeli soldiers murdering Palestinian grandmothers in Gaza".[39]

Kaufman also made a comparison between Hamas members in Gaza and the Jewish resistance during World War II, saying: "The spokeswoman for the Israeli army, Major Leibovich, was asked about the Israeli killing of, at that time, 800 Palestinians. The total is now 1,000. She replied instantly that '500 of them were militants'. That was the reply of a Nazi. I suppose the Jews fighting for their lives in the Warsaw ghetto could have been dismissed as militants".[39] He added that "Hamas is a deeply nasty organisation, but it was democratically elected, and it is the only game in town. The boycotting of Hamas, including by our Government, has been a culpable error, from which dreadful consequences have followed".[41] He reminded that the Irgun were considered terrorists and that "Israel was born out of Jewish terrorism". Kaufman urged the British government "to make clear to the Israeli government that its conduct and policies are unacceptable and to impose a total arms ban on Israel".[42]

Accusing Israel of war crimes

He was the leader of a large European parliamentary delegation to Gaza in January 2009 during which he said that Israeli officials who authorised the use of white phosphorus munitions in densely populated Gaza should be tried for war crimes.[43] Kaufman also called the Israeli blockade of Gaza "evil".[44]

Following the Gaza flotilla raid, Kaufman called Israel's actions "a war crime of piracy in international waters, kidnapping and murder, all in pursuit of upholding an illegal blockade on Gaza that amounts to collective punishment".[45]

Following the 2011 Nakba Day riots when a number of Palestinian refugees were killed during clashes with Israeli security forces as they attempted to breach Israel's borders as part of protests demanding the implementation of the Palestinian right of return, Kaufman gave a speech criticising Israeli actions, claiming that Palestinians were "slaughtered" and said "the way in which Israeli soldiers maltreat Palestinians is appalling".[46]

Universal jurisdiction law

In December 2010, Kaufman criticised a proposed amendment to Britain's universal jurisdiction law seeking to prevent visiting Israeli officials from being arrested and indicted, claiming that such changes made a mockery of the British legal system. He highlighted the arrest warrant against former Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni for her part in the "slaughter" that took place during the Gaza War. He also claimed that British Jews were waking up to Israel's human rights violations and distancing themselves from Israel. Kaufman was berated for his statements by pro-Israel MPs.[47]

As Kaufman stressed Israel's alleged war crimes and breaches of international law, he faced even more vociferous criticism and the Deputy Speaker of the House had to restore order. Conservative MP Robert Halfon accused Kaufman of using the bill reading for his own political agenda, and stated that his "hatred for Israel knows no bounds".[48]

Palestinian statehood

Following the 2011 Palestinian bid for United Nations recognition and membership of a Palestinian state along the 1967 borders with east Jerusalem as its capital, Kaufman wrote:

President Abbas is to be congratulated on persisting in applying for Palestinian statehood at the UN, despite all the pressure and blackmail trying to force him not to. The quartet has never done anything meaningful to give the Palestinians their independence. If the US uses its veto at the security council, this will prove the smug windbag Obama to be the puppet of Aipac. The hypocrisy of those countries which vote against or abstain at the general assembly will be exposed. This brave Palestinian move will change the entire environment of the Middle East and tell the Israelis they must negotiate meaningfully if they wish to be one of the states in a two-state solution.[49]

Controversial remarks

Along with another Labour MP Martin Linton, he accused the Conservative Party of being "too close" to Israel.[50] In 2010, Kaufman said that those parts of the British Conservative party not controlled by Lord Ashcroft are controlled by "right-wing Jewish millionaires". On 30 March 2011, he was caught by a microphone in the Chamber of the House of Commons saying "here we are, the Jews again", when fellow Jewish Labour MP Louise Ellman rose to speak, for which he apologised.[51]

At a Palestine Return Centre event in Parliament on 27 October 2015, Kaufman alleged that "Jewish money, Jewish donations to the Conservative Party – as in the general election in May – support from The Jewish Chronicle, all of those things, bias the Conservatives". He accused Israel of staging recent Palestinian knife attacks as an excuse to kill Palestinians. John Mann, the Labour chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group Against Antisemitism, denounced Kaufman's comments as "the incoherent ramblings of an ill-informed demagogue".[52]

The Leader of the Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn, released a statement saying Kaufman's remarks were "completely unacceptable and deeply regrettable", further saying: "Such remarks are damaging to community relations, and also do nothing to benefit the Palestinian cause. I have always implacably opposed all forms of racism, antisemitism and Islamophobia."[53]

Other activities

Kaufman acted as chairman of the Booker Prize judges in 1999.[54]

Death

On 26 February 2017, Kaufman died after a long illness,[55] becoming the first Father of the House to die in office since T. P. O'Connor in 1929.[56] Former Prime Minister Tony Blair praised Kaufman's work and said they had been close friends since Blair was first elected to the House of Commons in 1983.[57]

Publications

• The Daily Mirror Spotlight on Trade Unions, by Sydney Jacobson & William Connor, Research by Gerald Kaufman, Daily Mirror Newspapers 1950
• Fabian Journal No 16 July 1955 (With Margaret Cole), Fabian Society, 1955
• The Left: A symposium (Editor) Blond 1966
• To Build the Promised Land, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973 ISBN 0297765094
• How to be a Minister, Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd, 1980 ISBN 0571190804
• Renewal: Labour's Britain in the 1980s, Penguin, 1983 ISBN 0140523510
• My Life in the Silver Screen, Faber & Faber, 1985 ISBN 0571134939
• Inside the Promised Land: Personal View of Today's Israel, Ashgate 1986 ISBN 0704530740
• Meet Me in St. Louis, British Film Institute, 1994 ISBN 0851705014
• Gulliver & Beyond (Contributor), Channel 4 Television, 1996 ISBN 1851441603

References

1. National Heritage Committee (1992–97).
2. The Papers of Sir Gerald Kaufman Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge; the National Register of Archives, London and Janus Project, December 2006.
3. Kynaston, David (2009). Family Britain 1951-7. London: Bloomsbury. p. 102. ISBN 9780747583851.
4. "Obituary: Gerald Kaufman". BBC News. 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
5. The International Who's Who 2004 Google Books.
6. "Manchester Gorton". The Guardian. London. May 2010. Archived from the original on 22 January 2005.
7. Well, Anthony (2015). "Manchester, Gorton". UK Polling Report. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
8. Torode, John (29 August 1994). "One member, who votes?: A row is brewing in Manchester, where Asian challengers threaten to deselect the sitting MP". The Independent. Retrieved 24 September 2017. The city is Manchester and the culture clash involves an increasingly bitter conflict between the substantial and increasingly confident Asian minority, and old, mainly white politicians who have kept a tight grip on the city Labour Party. ... Mr Kaufman is the child of an earlier, Jewish immigration and has a reputation as a fighter against discrimination and in favour of the rights of ethnic minorities.
9. "Sir Gerald Kaufman is the new Father of the House". UK Parliament. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
10. Mann, Nyta (14 July 2003). "Foot's message of hope to left". BBC News Online. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
11. "Members of the Committee". The Daily Telegraph. 14 January 2003. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
12. "Last act at the Royal Opera?". The Daily Telegraph. 28 March 1998. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
13. Middle East Monitor 22 Sep 2011. 22 March 2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011.
14. Rickhuss, Roy (20 July 2015). "48 MPs break whip to vote against welfare bill – full list | LabourList". LabourList | Labour's biggest independent grassroots e-network. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
15. Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster (26 February 2003). House of Commons Hansard for 26 Feb 2003 (pt 16). The Stationery Office Ltd. ISBN 0-215-65029-8. Retrieved 18 January 2009.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
16. "No. 57315". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 June 2004. p. 1.
17. UK Parliament Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
18. "MPs' expenses: Full list of MPs investigated by The Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph. 8 May 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
19. Verkaik, Robert (6 June 2009). "Kaufman blames 'obsessive disorder'". The Independent. London.
20. Rayner, Gordon (16 May 2009). "Sir Gerald Kaufman's £1,800 rug and an £8,865 claim for a television: MPs' expenses". The Daily Telegraph. London.
21. Simon Bulmer, Martin Burch (2003). The Europeanisation of Whitehall: UK central government and the European Union. Oxford University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-847-79274-7.
22. Desirée J. Garcia (2014). The Migration of Musical Film: From Ethnic Margins to American Mainstream. Rutgers University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-813-56866-9.
23. Alan Haworth, Dianne Hayter, ed. (2015). Men Who Made Labour. Routledge. pp. 91–96. ISBN 978-1-135-39048-8.
24. Kaufman, Gerald (30 September 2004). "Larcenous, racist scum". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
25. Gerald Kaufman (17 January 2012). "Re: World briefing, 16 January 2012". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 January 2012. I controvert the assertion by Simon Tisdall (World briefing, 16 January): "US voters . . . know a phoney when they see one." If they did, Barack Obama would not be president.
26. "Welfare cuts backed amid Labour revolt". BBC News. 21 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
27. "Jewish Labour Movement History". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
28. Notable Jewish Individuals Supporting a Free Palestine, Jewish Friends of Palestine, 27 May 2007.
29. "Troubled talks with the PLO", The Daily Telegraph, 14 May 1988.
30. "Sharon 'a war criminal' says MP". BBC News. 17 April 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
31. Littlewood, Stuart. "Could the Rising Anger of British MPs Shake America's Complacency?". Middle East Online. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
32. "UK MP calls Israel 'pariah state'". BBC News. 15 March 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
33. "Kaufman pessimistic over Israel's future". BBC News. 6 September 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
34. "The End of the Affair". Video (Real Audio required). BBC News. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
35. Littlewood, Stuart (14 January 2009). "Could the Rising Anger of British MPs Shake America's Complacency?". Middle East Online. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
36. Kaufman, Gerald (12 July 2004). "The case for sanctions against Israel: What worked with apartheid can bring peace to the Middle East". The Guardian. London, UK. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
37. British MP urges Israel sanctioned for killing of Britons Haaretz.com, 12 April 2006.
38. "News". thejc.com. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
39. MP Kaufman likens Israelis to Nazis, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 16 January 2009.
40. Robert Pigott, Fault-line between Jews over Gaza, BBC News, 17 January 2009.
41. "House of Commons Hansard Debates". parliament.uk. 15 January 2009. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
42. "UK's Jewish MP calls it Nazi-like operation". Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
43. "British MP: Israel and Egypt's blockade of Gaza is 'evil'". Haaretz.com. 16 January 2010. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
44. British lawmaker says Gaza blockade 'evil', Ynet News, 15 January 2010.
45. "House of Commons Hansard Debates". parliament.uk. 2 June 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
46. "Labour Friends of Palestine & the Middle East". 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
47. "Labour MP Gerald Kaufman condemns 'Israeli terrorists'". jewishnews.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
48. "Veteran MP claims British Jews are "distancing" themselves from Israel". Middle East Monitor. 28 January 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
49. "Letters: Israel's choices". The Guardian. London, UK. 11 September 2011.
50. Porter, Andrew; Prince, Rosa (31 March 2010). "Labour MPs accuse Tories of being too close to Israel". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235.
51. "Outcry at Gerald Kaufman's "It's the Jews again" remark in House of Commons". Manchester Evening News. 31 March 2011.
52. Jackman, Josh; Rashty, Sandy (28 October 2015). "Labour veteran Sir Gerald Kaufman claims 'Jewish money' has influenced Conservatives". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
53. Mason, Rowena (3 November 2015). "Gerald Kaufman's 'Jewish money' remarks condemned by Corbyn". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016. On Tuesday, Corbyn released a statement saying Kaufman's remarks were "completely unacceptable and deeply regrettable ... Such remarks are damaging to community relations, and also do nothing to benefit the Palestinian cause ... I have always implacably opposed all forms of racism, antisemitism and Islamophobia and will continue to do so. At my request, the chief whip has met Sir Gerald and expressed my deep concern."
54. "The Man Booker Prize 1999". Retrieved 27 February 2017.
55. "Labour MP Gerald Kaufman dies at 86 – BBC News". BBC Online. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
56. "Father of the House of Commons". Hansard. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
57. "Politics Live". The Guardian. 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.

External links

• Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
• Contributions in Parliament at Hansard
• Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005
• Voting record at Public Whip
• Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou
• Appearances on C-SPAN