Glossostemon bruguieri

Glossostemon bruguieri or Dombeya arabica[1] is a species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. It is a shrub with thick long tapering dark colored roots with 70–100 cm in length and 5–8 cm in breadth,[2] found in Yemen, Iran, Iraq,[3] Egypt,[4] Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Morocco.[5] The dried peeled roots of G. bruguieri are called in Egypt and Arab countries (Arabic: مُغات‎ moghat). The roots are commonly used in traditional medicine for many nutritional and medicinal values.

Glossostemon bruguieri
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Glossostemon
Species:
G. bruguieri
Binomial name
Glossostemon bruguieri
Synonyms

Dombeya arabica Baker [1]

Chemical composition

Starch is the main component of the dried peeled roots with 54.5–62.4% (differs according to the climatic region of cultivation) while protein represents 4.5–8.3%, half of which is aspartic acid. Roots contain high amounts of non-starch polysaccharides including dietary fibers, pectin and up to 27% of mucilage.

Calcium, magnesium and iron are the main minerals of the roots. Minor amounts of zinc, manganese and copper have also been found. Tatakin (4-methoxyisoscutellargin), takakin 8-O-glucoside, takakin 7-O-glucoside, sesamin, chrysophanol, emodin, parietin, bucegin 7-O-glucoside, isoscutellarein, isoscutellarein 7-O-glucoside, methoxsalen, aesculetin, estrone, scopoletin, phytosterols (a mixture of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol) and α-amyrin were extracted from G. bruguieri. The so-called moghatin is a biflavone that has been uniquely discovered in moghat.

Seeds contain around 19.5% protein, 5.0% mucilage, arabinose (1.8%) and glucuronic acid (14.6%).

Both roots and seeds contain rhamnose, xylose, mannose and galacturonic acid.[5][6][4] [7]

Use

In traditional medicine, hot drinks prepared from dried peeled root powder are used after delivery as a galactagogue. It is used as well for increasing body weight, as a demulcent agent and for relief of gout pain.[8]

Health and biological effect

Water extract of G. bruguieri roots has reversed induced juvenile osteopenia in Sprague Dawley rats. However, human clinical trials are yet to be done.[9]

The unsaponifiable part of the plant leaves was reported to have stronger acaricidal activity on both the adult and egg stages of Tetranychus urticae than other botanical parts of the plant.[10]

Others

The Italian pharmacist Antonio Bey Figari has mentioned G. bruguieri in his 1864 book entitled "Studii scientifici sull'Egitto e sue adiacenze, compresa la penisola dell'Arabia Petrea-Scientific study in Egypt and its surroundings, including the peninsula of Arabia Petraea." He mentioned that the plant was coming from Persia to Egypt through the route of Damascus and was prescribed for cachectic patients, tuberculosis, chest diseases, tabes of children and cases of constitutional syphilis. He thought that Moghat was the main ingredient of the preparation "Revalenta arabica", that was being sold in Europe in the 18th century, but his idea was wrong because it was discovered later that the main ingredient of "Revalenta arabica" was nothing other that lentil. He stated as well that he himself has observed wonderful results using the plant.[11]

References
  1. "Species Details : Glossostemon bruguieri Desf". Catalogue of Life.
  2. Purseglove, J. W. "Tropical crops, Dicotyledons", 3rd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1974.
  3. "Glossostemon bruguieri Desf". GBIF.
  4. Meselhy R. Meselhy (2003), "Constituents from Moghat, the Roots of Glossostemon bruguieri (Desf.)" (PDF), Molecules, 8 (8): 614–621, doi:10.3390/80800614, S2CID 53948837
  5. Gamel, T.H.; El-Razek, A.M. Abd; Damir, A.A. (2010). "Dried Peeled Roots of Glossostemon bruguieri (Moghat) as a Potential Functional Food". Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 34 (1): 55–67. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4549.2008.00316.x. INIST:22389984.
  6. Ibrahim N, el-Eraky W, el-Gengaihi S, Shalaby AS (1997). "Chemical and biological evaluation of proteins and mucilages from roots and seeds of Glossostemon bruguieri Desf. (Moghat)". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 50 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1007/bf02436043. PMID 9198115. S2CID 21474874.
  7. El-Sayed NH, Awaad AS, Mabry TJ (2004). "Phytochemical studies and effect on urine volume of Glossostemon bruguieri Desf. constituents". Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 42 (2): 186–9. PMID 15282952. INIST:15422928.
  8. Ibn al-Baitar, الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية (The Book of Medicinal and Nutritional Terms)
  9. Ghareeb DA, El-Rashidy FH, El-Mallawany S (2014). "Imbalanced Diet Deficient in Calcium and Vitamin D- Induced Juvenile Osteopenia in Rats; the Potential Therapeutic Effect of Egyptian Moghat Roots Water Extract (Glossostemon bruguieri)". Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 13 (2): 623–35. PMC 4157038. PMID 25237358.
  10. S. E. EL-GENGAIHI; N. A IBRAHIM; S. A. A. AMER (April 1999). "Chemical investigation of the lipoidal matter of Glossostemon bruguieri and the acaricidal activity of its unsaponifiable fraction". Acarologia. 40 (2): 198–204.
  11. Studi scientifici sull'Egitto e le sue adiacenze compresa la Penisola dell'Arabia Petrea con accompagnamento di carta geografico-geologica del Dott. Cav. Antonio Figari Bey: t. 2, Band 2. 1865. p. 389.
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