Gongylonema

Gongylonema is a genus of thread-like nematode that was described by Molin in 1857. It is the only currently valid genus in the family Gongylonematidae, though the mysterious Spiruroides – usually placed in the Subuluridae, which are not closely related to Gongylonema among the Spiruria – might actually belong here. They are parasites of birds and mammals, transmitted by insects (especially beetles).[2] Some 38 species are known, about 12 of which have been recorded in Europe.[3][4]

Gongylonema
Head of male Gongylonema pulchrum, from human infection;[1] note characteristic bosses
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Chromadorea
Order: Rhabditida
Family: Gongylonematidae
Hall, 1916
Genus: Gongylonema
Molin, 1857
Synonyms
  • Gongylomene Vaullegeard., 1901
  • Gongylonemoides Lent & Freitas, 1937
  • Misonunus Petrov, 1910
  • Myzomimus Stiles, 1892
  • Progongylonema Hernandez-Rodriguez & Gutierrez-Palomino 1993

Several species are significant parasites of domestic animals, causing gongylonemiasis. Human infection by these nematodes is very rare: since its discovery fewer than 100 people have been reported to be infected with these parasites,[5] always with the species G. pulchrum.[1][6]

Species
  • Gongylonema aegypti Ashour & Lewis, 1986
  • Gongylonema aequispicularis Kadenazii, 1957
  • Gongylonema alecturae Johnston & Mawson, 1942
  • Gongylonema baylisi Freitas & Lent, 1937
  • Gongylonema beveridgei Mawson, 1971
  • Gongylonema brevispiculum Seurat, 1914 [7]
  • Gongylonema caucasica Kurashvili, 1941
  • Gongylonema confusum Sonsino, 1896
  • Gongylonema congolense Fain, 1955
  • Gongylonema dipodomysi Kruidenier & Peebles, 1958
  • Gongylonema dupuisi Quentin, 1965
  • Gongylonema fotedari Gupta & Trivedi, 1986
  • Gongylonema graberi Barre, 1980
  • Gongylonema ingluvicola Ransom, 1904
  • Gongylonema longispiculum Schulz, 1927
  • Gongylonema macrogubernaculum Lubimov, 1931
  • Gongylonema madeleinensis Diouf, Bâ, Marchand & Vassiliadès, 1997
  • Gongylonema marsupialis Vaz & Pereira, 1934
  • Gongylonema mesasiatica Sultanov, 1961
  • Gongylonema metopidiusi Gupta & Kumar, 1977
  • Gongylonema mexicanum Caballero & Zerecero, 1944
  • Gongylonema minimum Molin, 1857
  • Gongylonema monnigi
  • Gongylonema mucronatum Seurat, 1916
  • Gongylonema musculi Rudolphi, 1819
  • Gongylonema neoplasticum Fibiger & Ditlevsen, 1914
  • Gongylonema pacoi Hernandez & Gutierrez, 1992 [8]
  • Gongylonema pithyusensis Mas-Coma, 1977 [9]
  • Gongylonema problematicum Schulz, 1924
  • Gongylonema pulchrum Molin, 1857
  • Gongylonema rodhaini Fain, 1948
  • Gongylonema saimirisi Artigas, 1933
  • Gongylonema soricis Fain, 1955
  • Gongylonema spalacis Schulz, 1927
  • Gongylonema verrucosum Giles, 1892

References
  1. Pesson, B.; Hersant, C.; Biehler, JF.; Abou-Bacar, A.; Brunet, J.; Pfaff, AW.; Ferté, H.; Candolfi, E. (2013). "First case of human gongylonemosis in France". Parasite. 20: 5. doi:10.1051/parasite/2013007. PMC 3718519. PMID 23425508.
  2. Quentin, J.-C.; Seguignes, M. (1979). "Cycle biologique de Gongylonema mucronatum Seurat, 1916 parasite du Hérisson d'Afrique du Nord". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 54 (6): 637–644. doi:10.1051/parasite/1979546637.
  3. David Gibson (April 19, 2007). "Gongylonema". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  4. Joel Hallan, ed. (August 7, 2007). "Family Gongylonematidae". Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  5. Haruki, K., Furuya, H., Saito, S., Kamiya, S. & Kagei, N. 2005: Gongylonema infection in man: A first case of gongylonemosis in Japan. Helminthologia, 42, 63-66. Free PDF
  6. "Gongylonema". Biology Online. October 3, 2005. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  7. Quentin, J.-C.; Seureau, C. (1978). "Identification et biologie du Gongylonème parasite du Macroscélide en Tunisie". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 53 (6): 631–640. doi:10.1051/parasite/1978536631.
  8. Hernandez-Rodriguez, S.; Gutiérrez-Palomino, P. N. (1992). "Gongylonema (Progongylonema) pacoi n. subgen. n. sp. (Spiruroidea : Gongylonematidae) parasite d'oiseaux Corvidae" (PDF). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 67 (6): 188–193. doi:10.1051/parasite/1992676188. ISSN 0003-4150.
  9. Mas-Coma, S. (1977). "Gongylonema pithyusensis n. sp. (Nematoda : Spiruridae), parasite œsophagien du Lérot Eliomys quercinus ophiusae Thomas, 1925 (Rodentia : Gliridae) à Formentera (Baléares)". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 52 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1051/parasite/1977521013.


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