Gorbunov and Gorchakov

Gorbunov and Gorchakov (Russian: Горбунóв и Горчакóв) is a poem by Russian and English poet, essayist, dramatist Joseph Brodsky.

Gorbunov and Gorchakov
AuthorJoseph Brodsky
Original titleGorbunov i Gorchakov
TranslatorCarl Ray Proffer and Assya Kumesky (one translation), Harry Thomas (another translation), Alan Myers (one more translation)
CountryRussia
LanguageRussian
Genrepoem
Publication date
1970
Media typePrint

Composition and plot

Gorbunov and Gorchakov is a forty-page long poem.[1]:212

Gorbunov and Gorchakov are patients in a mental asylum near Leningrad.[2]:26 The poem consists of lengthy conversations between these two patients in the Soviet psychiatric prison as well as between each of them separately and the interrogating psychiatrists.[1]:212 The topics vary from the taste of the cabbage served for supper to the meaning of life and Russia's destiny.[1]:212

In Sanna Turoma’s words, the psychiatric hospital of Gorbunov and Gorchakov as a metaphor of the Soviet State is one example of Brodsky’s perception of the Kafkaesque absurdity of Soviet surreality.[3]:105 Gorbunov and Gorchakov mirrors the balance that Brodsky struck when he was compelled to weigh the benefits and dangers of psychiatric diagnosis in his dealings with the Soviet state.[4]

In the poem, fourteen cantos are named in a such way that the table of contents in Russian language has the rhyming structure of the sonnet:[5]:95

  1. Gorbunov and Gorchakov
  2. Gorbunov and Gorchakov
  3. Gorbunov in the Night
  4. Gorchakov and the Doctors
  5. A Song in the Third Person
  6. Gorbunov and Gorchakov
  7. Gorbunov and Gorchakov
  8. Gorchakov in the Night
  9. Gorbunov and the Doctors
  10. A Conversation on the Porch
  11. Gorbunov and Gorchakov
  12. Gorbunov and Gorchakov
  13. Conversations about the Sea
  14. Conversation in a Conversation

History

At the very end of 1963, Brodsky was committed for observation to the Kashchenko psychiatric hospital in Moscow where he stayed for several days.[5]:91 A few weeks later, his second hospitalization took place: on 13 February he was arrested in Leningrad and on 18 February the Dzerzhinsky District Court sent him for psychiatric examination to ‘Pryazhka’ (Psychiatric Hospital No. 2[6] located on the Pryazhka River Embankment) where he spent about three weeks, from 18 February to 13 March.[5]:91 These two stints in psychiatric establishments formed the experience underlying Gorbunov and Gorchakov called by Brodsky ‘an extremely serious work.’.[5]:90 The poem was written between 1965 and 1968 and published in 1970.[7]:25

Translations

There are several English translations of the poem including one by Carl Ray Proffer with Assya Kumesky,[8] one by Harry Thomas[1]:212 and one by Alan Myers.

References
  1. Barańczak, Stanisław (1990). Breathing under water and other East European essays. Harvard University Press. pp. 212. ISBN 0-674-08125-0.
  2. Litz, Walton; Weigel, Molly; Parini, Jay (1974). American writers: a collection of literary biographies. Scribner. p. 26. ISBN 0684312301.
  3. Turoma, Sanna (2010). Brodsky Abroad: Empire, Tourism, Nostalgia. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 105. ISBN 0-299-23634-X.
  4. Reich, Rebecca (January 2013). "Madness as Balancing Act in Joseph Brodsky's "Gorbunov and Gorchakov"". The Russian Review. 72 (1): 45–65. doi:10.1111/russ.10680.
  5. Brintlinger, Angela; Vinitsky, Ilya (2007). Madness and the mad in Russian culture. University of Toronto Press. pp. 90–95. ISBN 0-8020-9140-7.
  6. Now Psychiatric Hospital of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker
  7. Balina, Marina; Lipovetskii, Mark (2004). Russian writers since 1980. Gale. p. 25. ISBN 0787668222.
  8. "The "strange" theme in Brodsky". Essays in Poetics. 4 (1): 54. April 1979.


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