Gurunagar

Gurunagar (Tamil: குருநகர், romanized: Kurunakar; Sinhala: ගුරුනගර Gurunagara) is a coastal village in Jaffna city in northern Sri Lanka. Gurunagar is also known as Karaiyur (Tamil: கரையூர், romanized: Karaiyūr).[2][3]

Gurunagar

குருநகர்
ගුරුනගර
Suburb
St. James' Church, originally established in 1861
Gurunagar
Gurunagar
Coordinates: 9°39′24.80″N 80°01′41.10″E
CountrySri Lanka
ProvinceNorthern
DistrictJaffna
DS DivisionJaffna
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Council
 • BodyJaffna
Population
 (2012)[1]
 • Total3,520
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (Sri Lanka Standard Time Zone)
Post Codes
4136050-4136055
Telephone Codes021
Vehicle registrationNP

The suburb is divided into two village officer divisions (Gurunagar East and Gurunagar West) whose combined population was 3,520 at the 2012 census.[1]

The suburb is mainly populated by Catholic Sri Lankan Tamils, engaged in sea activities.[4] The village is known in Jaffna due to its maritime history and also served as the western sector of the Jaffna Kingdom.[5]

Etymology

Gurunagar, also spelled as Kurunagar derives its words from Kuru and Nagar (Urban centre in Tamil).[6] The word Kuru is a clans name used by the Karaiyars also known as Kurukulam, who make up majority of Gurunagar.[7][8]

Karaiyur, as it was earlier known as stems from the Tamil words Karai (coast) and Ur (village).[9][10] Karaiyur was marked in the Dutch maps as Cereoer.[11]

History
See also: Jaffna § etymology
Old map of Jaffna, depicting the settlement of Gurunagar near the Jaffna fort.

The earliest settlers of Jaffna, were according to local legend, a musician and his kinsfolk. The surmised place they first settled is in the area surrounding Gurunagar and Colombuthurai.[12] The Columbuthurai Commercial Harbor situated at Colombuthurai and the harbor known as ‘Aluppanthy’ situated previously at the Gurunagar area seem as its evidences.[13]

The navy of the Aryacakravarti dynasty were manned and officered by the people of Gurunagar.[11] The Pattinathurai of Gurunagar was a port for foreign vessels.[12] It is surmised that it was here the Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta, saw fleet of ships that belonged to the Aryacakravarti kings.[11] The Maniagar and Adappans of Gurunagar served as one of the headmen of the Jaffna ports.[14]

The western section of the Jaffna Kingdom was allotted by the Karaiyars of Gurunagar.[5] There existed a smaller fort in Colombuthurai and one at Pannaithurai near Gurunagar.[15] In 1560, the Portuguese forces with 77 ships arrived in Gurunagar and defeated the Tamil army governing there before proceeding further to Nallur.[16]

The Cathedral of Jaffna in Gurunagar was constructed over an already existing smaller chapel.[17] The chapel was constructed as the place where the Jaffna king Cankili I killed his own son for converting to Catholicism.[18]

Starting from the early 1920s, was the Gurunagar land reclamation scheme started, starting from modern Beach Road to Reclamation Road.[19]

See also

References
  1. "Census of Population and Housing 2012: Population by GN division and sex 2012" (PDF). Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. p. 154.
  2. Pārlimēntuva, Ceylon (1957). Ceylon Sessional Papers. Government Press. p. 23.
  3. Holmes, Walter Robert (1980-01-01). Jaffna, Sri Lanka 1980. Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society of Jaffna College. p. 370.
  4. Vidyodaya. Vidyodaya Campus, University of Sri Lanka. 1986. p. 34.
  5. Raghavan, M. D. (1964). India in Ceylonese History: Society, and Culture. Asia Publishing House. p. 143.
  6. Ragupathy, Ponnampalam (1987). Early Settlements in Jaffna: An Archaeological Survey. Thillimalar. p. 211.
  7. Sivaratnam, C. (1964). An outline of the cultural history and principles of Hinduism. University of Michigan. p. 171.
  8. Kurukshetra. University of Michigan: Sri Lak-Indo Study Group. 1976.
  9. "கரை | அகராதி | Tamil Dictionary". www.agarathi.com. University of Madras Lexicon. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
  10. "ஊர் | அகராதி | Tamil Dictionary". www.agarathi.com. University of Madras Lexicon. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
  11. Raghavan, M. D. (1971). Tamil culture in Ceylon: a general introduction. Kalai Nilayam. pp. 83, 142.
  12. Ceylon Journal of Medical Science. University of California. 1949. p. 58.
  13. ICTA. "Jaffna Divisional Secretariat - Overview". www.jaffna.ds.gov.lk. Retrieved 2017-08-12.
  14. Bastiampillai, Bertram (2006-01-01). Northern Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in the 19th century. Godage International Publishers. p. 96. ISBN 9789552088643.
  15. Ragupathy, Ponnampalam (1987). Early Settlements in Jaffna: An Archaeological Survey. Thillimalar Ragupathy. p. 154.
  16. Professor Gunarasa, K. (2003). Dynasty of Jaffna Kings: Vijayakalingan to Narasinghan. Dynasty of Jaffna King's Historical Society. p. 47.
  17. Martyn, John H. (1923). Notes on Jaffna. Asian Educational Services. p. 155. ISBN 9788120616707.
  18. Kurukshetra. Sri Lak-Indo Study Group. 1983. p. 68.
  19. Ceylon (1919). Ceylon Administration Reports. Government Printer, South Africa. p. 49.
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