HMHS Rewa

HMHS Rewa (His Majesty's Hospital ship) was a steamship originally built for the British-India Steam Navigation Company for their mail and passenger service but requisitioned in August 1914 and fitted out for use as a British hospital ship during the First World War. On 4 January 1918, she was hit and sunk by a torpedo from the German U-boat U-55.[3]

The Rewa before her wartime service
History
United Kingdom
Name: Rewa
Operator: British-India Steam Navigation Company
Builder: William Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton
Yard number: 762
Launched: 14 February 1906
Completed: 7 June 1906
Fate: Torpedoed by German U-boat U-55 on 4 January 1918. Wreck lies approximately 19 mi (31 km) off Hartland Point in 200 ft (61 m) of water POS - 50.55N 04.49W.[1]
General characteristics
Tonnage: 7308 tons[2]
Length: 456 ft (139 m)
Beam: 56.2 ft (17.1 m)
Draught: 30 ft (9.1 m)
Installed power: 9,344 shp (6,968 kW)
Propulsion:
Speed: 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)

History

Rewa was ordered in 1905 by the British India Steam Navigation Company (BI) from William Denny & Bros at Dumbarton at the same time as sister ship SS Rohilla from Harland & Wolff Ltd of Belfast. They differed mainly in their engines: Rewa was triple-screw with steam turbines, while Rohilla had a pair of quadruple expansion steam engines, also made by Harland & Wolff, and twin screws. Rohilla's engines totalled 8,000 indicated horsepower (6,000 kW), producing 16.6 knots (30.7 km/h; 19.1 mph) on sea trials. Although ordered for the London to Calcutta service, increased competition prompted BI to design the two sisters to be suitable also as troopships.[4]

Career

Rewa as a hospital ship. Rewa was run aground at the Suez Canal in November 1906, and was refloated

The British India Company's transport Rewa was run aground at the Suez Canal on 26 November 1906, blocking the canal, and was refloated by the next day.[5][6][7] In 1913 she entered the Suez Canal from Karachi carrying the 2nd Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment homeward bound to England.[8]

Sinking
The sinking of the British Hospital Ship Rewa

On 4 January 1918, Rewa was returning to Britain from Malta with 279 wounded officers aboard. Neutral inspectors from Spain had boarded the ship in Gibraltar to confirm that she had no military function.[2] At 11:15, she was hit by a torpedo 19 mi (31 km) off Hartland Point. The ship took around two hours to sink, allowing all wounded and ship's crew to board lifeboats except for the four engine men who died in the initial explosion.[9][10]

Aftermath

The sinking of the ship caused outrage in Britain. The German high command denied sinking the ship, instead blaming the explosion on a loose British mine. However, German naval command had declared unrestricted submarine warfare in a desperate effort to win the war. The naval command secretly ordered U-boat captains to sink any Allied ship, including hospital ships, even though it violated Hague Convention X.[10] However, the captain of U-55 Wilhelm Werner—perhaps fearing the consequences of his actions—wrote in the ship's log that he sank a cargo vessel and not a brightly lit and painted hospital ship.[10] After the war, Wilhelm Werner was hunted by Allied command in an effort to charge him for war crimes, but he disappeared, thus avoiding a trial. In 2002, a stone was erected near Hartland Point dedicated to the ship and the people who served and died on her.[10]

Wreckage

The wreckage lies at 50.55°N 04.49°W, which is located off the west UK coast. It lies in about 200 ft (61 m) of water which makes it difficult for all but the most experienced diver to explore. During the Second World War, the wreckage was often mistaken by British sonar for a German U-boat. To confirm that a U-boat was not just hiding on the sea bed, Allied ships would drop depth charges, called opening the "tin can".[10] If oil or German bodies floated to the surface then they knew they had destroyed a U-boat. If nothing floated up then they would move to the next sonar target. This process totally destroyed the wreck of Rewa.[10]

See also

References
  1. pg 28 - A. J. Tennent. British Merchant Ships Sunk by U-boats in World War One (2006 ed.). Periscope Publishing Ltd. p. 258. ISBN 1-904381-36-7.
    • REWA 7305 Grt. Blt 1906
  2. pg 285 - R.H. Gibson, Maurice Prendergast. The German Submarine War 1914-1918 (2002 ed.). Periscope Publishing Ltd. p. 438. ISBN 1-904381-08-1.
  3. "War of the U-Boats" (PDF). The New York Times. 28 July 1918. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  4. Laxon, W A (Bill); Perry, F W (Fred) (1994). B I: The British India Steam Navigation Company Limited. Kendal: World Ship Society. pp. 100–101, 245. ISBN 0-905617-65-7.
  5. "Rewa Refloated at the Suez Canal". Adelaide Evening Journal. AP. 28 November 1906. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  6. "Block in the Suez Canal". Geelong Advertiser. AP. 29 November 1906. p. 2. Retrieved 6 January 2020. The British India Company's transport Rewa which was aground in the Suez Canal has been refloated and traffic is now resumed.
  7. http://www.shipwreckworld.com/maps/hmhs-rewa
  8. http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/bat_2_1881_1913.php
  9. "Hospital Ships". Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps. 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  10. Crispin Sadler and Wayne Abbott (2006). "Deep Wreck Mysteries - Red Cross Outrage". History Television. Archived from the original (TV Show) on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009.

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