HMS Niger (1846)

HMS Niger was an 8-gun (later 14-gun) screw sloop launched on 18 November 1846 from Woolwich Dockyard. She had been intended as a sailing sloop but her design was lengthened to fit a steam engine, and she was fitted with screw propulsion at Deptford Dockyard in 1847-48 prior to completion.[2] She was reclassified as a corvette in 1852.

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Niger.

HMS Niger at Vera Crux (Illustrated London News)
History
United Kingdom
Name: HMS Niger
Ordered: 20 February 1845
Builder: Woolwich Dockyard
Laid down: May 1845
Launched: 18 November 1846
Decommissioned: 1869
Refit: Lengthened at Deptford Dockyard in 1848
Fate: Sold to Castle in 1869 for breaking
General characteristics (after 1848 conversion)
Class and type: Niger-class screw sloop (later "corvette")
Displacement:
  • 1,072 6/94 bm
  • 1,454 long tons (1,477 t)[1]
Length:
  • 194 ft 4 in (59.23 m) (overall)
  • 170 ft 11.75 in (52.1145 m) (gundeck)[1]
Beam: 34 ft 8 in (10.57 m)[1]
Draught: 15 ft 6 in (4.72 m)[1]
Depth of hold: 21 ft 5.5 in (6.541 m)[1]
Installed power: 1002 indicated horsepower
Propulsion:
  • 4-cylinder horizontal single-expansion steam engine
  • Single 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) screw[1]
Sail plan: Full-rigged ship
Speed: 10.25 kn (18.98 km/h) under power[1]
Complement: 160
Armament:
  • As built:
  • 2 × 56-pdr (87cwt) guns
  • 4 × 8-inch/68-pdr (65cwt) guns
  • 2 × 32-pdr (17cwt) guns
  • From 1850:
  • 14 × 32-pdr (17cwt) guns
  • From 1856:
  • 14 × 32-pdr (17cwt) guns
  • 1 × 68-pdr gun[1]

She conducted important propulsion trials, finally proving the superiority of screw propulsion and served in West Africa, the Crimea, China, the East Indies and Australia. She took part in the New Zealand wars in 1860 and was sold for breaking in 1869.

Propulsion trials and foreign service
Basilisk, paddle sloop, towing stern-to-stern with Niger, screw sloop

She participated in 1849 in trials in the English Channel with the paddle sloop HMS Basilisk. Basilisk had started life as her sister ship when both were designed as sailing sloops, but while Niger received screw propulsion, Basilisk was fitted with paddles. Although previous trials, including a similar comparison between Rattler and Alecto in 1845, had shown that screw propulsion was broadly superior, the 1849 trials pitted two near-identical ships against each other. Since both ships had the same lines and steam engines developing almost identical power, the results confirmed the superiority of screw propulsion over the paddle-wheel once and for all. After the trials she formed part of the West Africa Squadron. She served in the Baltic Sea during the Crimean War in 1854-1855. Between 1856 and December 1858 she was sent to the East Indies Station and China Station, and then sailed for the Australian Station.

The First Taranaki War

On 28 March 1860, during the First Taranaki War, a party of approximately 60 marines and bluejackets under the command of Captain Peter Cracroft landed at Waireka as reinforcements in the engagement that was taking place there. After reaching the Omata stockade near dusk, they proceeded to storm the by now lightly defended Kaipopo Pā. Coxwain William Odgers broke through the palisades and pulled down the Māori ensigns flying there, and received the first Victoria Cross of the New Zealand wars as a result.[3]

On 30 March 1860, HMS Niger shelled Māori positions near Warea.[4] Her crew also participated during the storming of the Omata stockade. She left the Australia Station in late 1860. She then served in the North America and West Indies Station.[5]

Later in 1860 the detachment of Marines was stationed as a garrison at Fort Niger, a hill overlooking the New Plymouth suburb of East End. The hill is a reserve today.[6]

Later service

On 3 March 1865, HMS Niger ran aground in the River Thames at Greenhithe. She was refloated and taken in to Chatham for repairs.[7] She was decommissioned in 1869 and was sold on 2 December 1869 to Castle for breaking up at Charlton.[8]

Citations
  1. Winfield, p.212
  2. Bastock, p.28.
  3. Cowan, James. The New Zealand Wars: A History of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period: Volume I (1845–64) Chapter 19. R. E. Owen, 1955, Wellington. Archived at NZETC
  4. Naval Military Actions
  5. Bastock, p.29.
  6. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Vol 37, 1904
  7. "Naval and Military Intelligence". The Standard (12658). London. 4 March 1865. p. 6.
  8. "HMS Niger at William Loney RN website". Retrieved 16 March 2010.

References
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