Harry Nyquist

Harry Nyquist (/ˈnaɪkwɪst/, Swedish: [ˈnŷːkvɪst]; February 7, 1889 – April 4, 1976) was a Swedish electronic engineer who made important contributions to communication theory.[1]

Harry Nyquist
Harry Nyquist
Born(1889-02-07)February 7, 1889
Nilsby, Stora Kil, Värmland, Sweden
DiedApril 4, 1976(1976-04-04) (aged 87)
Harlingen, Texas, U.S.
NationalitySwedish
CitizenshipSwedish / American
Alma materYale University
University of North Dakota
Known forNyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
Nyquist rate
Johnson–Nyquist noise
Nyquist stability criterion
Nyquist ISI criterion
Nyquist plot
Nyquist frequency
Nyquist filter
Fluctuation dissipation theorem
AwardsIEEE Medal of Honor (1960)
Stuart Ballantine Medal (1960)
Rufus Oldenburger Medal (1975)
Scientific career
FieldsElectronic engineer
InstitutionsBell Laboratories
Doctoral advisorHenry Andrews Bumstead

Personal life

Nyquist was born in the village Nilsby of the parish Stora Kil, Värmland, Sweden. He was the son of Lars Jonsson Nyqvist (b. 1847) and Katrina Eriksdotter (b. 1857). His parents had eight children: Elin Teresia, Astrid, Selma, Harry Theodor, Amelie, Olga Maria, Axel Martin and Herta Alfrida.[2] He emigrated to the USA in 1907.

Education

He entered the University of North Dakota in 1912 and received B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering in 1914 and 1915, respectively. He received a Ph.D. in physics at Yale University in 1917.

Career

He worked at AT&T's Department of Development and Research from 1917 to 1934, and continued when it became Bell Telephone Laboratories that year, until his retirement in 1954.

Nyquist received the IRE Medal of Honor in 1960 for "fundamental contributions to a quantitative understanding of thermal noise, data transmission and negative feedback." In October 1960 he was awarded the Stuart Ballantine Medal of the Franklin Institute "for his theoretical analyses and practical inventions in the field of communications systems during the past forty years including, particularly, his original work in the theories of telegraph transmission, thermal noise in electric conductors, and in the history of feedback systems." In 1969 he was awarded the National Academy of Engineering's fourth Founder's Medal "in recognition of his many fundamental contributions to engineering." In 1975 Nyquist received together with Hendrik Bode the Rufus Oldenburger Medal from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.[3]

Nyquist lived in Pharr, Texas after his retirement, and died in Harlingen, Texas on April 4, 1976.

Technical contributions
Memorial to Harry Nyquist at the University of North Dakota's College of Engineering and Mines

As an engineer at Bell Laboratories, Nyquist did important work on thermal noise ("Johnson–Nyquist noise"),[4] the stability of feedback amplifiers, telegraphy, facsimile, television, and other important communications problems. With Herbert E. Ives, he helped to develop AT&T's first facsimile machines that were made public in 1924. In 1932, he published a classic paper on stability of feedback amplifiers.[5] The Nyquist stability criterion can now be found in all textbooks on feedback control theory.

His early theoretical work on determining the bandwidth requirements for transmitting information laid the foundations for later advances by Claude Shannon, which led to the development of information theory. In particular, Nyquist determined that the number of independent pulses that could be put through a telegraph channel per unit time is limited to twice the bandwidth of the channel, and published his results in the papers Certain factors affecting telegraph speed (1924)[6] and Certain topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory (1928).[7] This rule is essentially a dual of what is now known as the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem.

Terms named for Harry Nyquist

References
  1. "Harry Nyquist". Physics Today. 29 (6): 64. June 1976. Bibcode:1976PhT....29f..64.. doi:10.1063/1.3023534.
  2. "Sveriges befolkning 1900" [CD-ROM]: Nyqvist, Harry
  3. "Rufus Oldenburger Medal". American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
  4. H. Nyquist, "Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors", Phys. Rev., Vol. 32, pp. 110–113, 1928
  5. H. Nyquist, "Regeneration theory", Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 11, pp. 126–147, 1932
  6. Nyquist, Harry. "Certain factors affecting telegraph speed". Bell System Technical Journal, 3, 324–346, 1924
  7. Nyquist, Harry. "Certain topics in telegraph transmission theory", Trans. AIEE, vol. 47, pp. 617–644, Apr. 1928 Reprint as classic paper in: Proc. IEEE, Vol. 90, No. 2, Feb 2002.
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